Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

Ecosystem

A

When communities interact with each other and their environment

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2
Q

Community

A

Groups of different species within a habitat

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3
Q

Population

A

Groups of the same species in a habitat

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4
Q

Interdependence

A

When organisms rely on each other for resources

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5
Q

Biotic factors

A

Living factors that shape an ecosystem
-predatation
-competition
-disease
-food availability

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6
Q

Abiotic factors

A

Non-living factors that shape an ecosystem
-light intensity
-water availability
-CO2
-O2
-temperature
-pH of soil

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7
Q

Biomass

A

The dry mass of an organism, equating to the amount of energy the organism contains

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8
Q

Biomass efficiency

A

Efficiency = (biomass transferred / biomass available) x100

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9
Q

How much energy is lost between tropic levels?

A

10%

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10
Q

Why is energy lost between tropic levels?

A

-not all of the organism is eaten
-energy was used for respiration, urination, thermoregulation, etc

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11
Q

Symbiosis

A

The ecological relationship between two or more organisms living closely together with some form of feeding relationship involved

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12
Q

Parasitism

A

A parasite feeds on another organism (the host) while they live together, harming the host but benefiting the parasite

Eg. Mistletoe absorbing water and nutrients from the host apple tree

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13
Q

Mutualism

A

Organisms live closely together in a way that benefits them both

Eg. Cleaner fish getting food, larger fish lose dead skin and parasites

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14
Q

Animal conservation

A

-prevent extinction through controlled breeding programmes/reduction in poaching
-generating income to fund conservation projects through animal parks
-improves the range of species
-maintains the food web
-maintains genetic diversity
-allows re-introduction of animals into the wild

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15
Q

Reforestation

A

-reforestation is planting of trees
-trees take up water from the soil
-prevents erosion and reduces flooding
-trees can be used for biofuel
-provides habitats
-photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide and releases oxygen
-reduces global warming

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