Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIO 214 > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Populations are groups of individuals in one _______ and _______

A

place, time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A _______ _______ is the area throughout which a population occurs

A

Geographic Range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A _______ is the biotic and abiotic feature of a population’s range

A

habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Population _______ is how individuals are physically spaced out

A

density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Population _______ is the number of individuals and how that number changes through time

A

size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ranges of populations change through time with _______ changes

A

environmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Individuals in populations exhibit different _______ patterns (how they interact with each other)

A

spacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

_______ _______ : Individuals do not interact strongly with one another (not common in nature)

A

Random spacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_______ _______: Behavioral interactions, resource competition

A

Uniform spacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_______ _______: Uneven distribution of resources (common in nature)

A

Clumped spacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_______ occur in areas in which suitable habitat is patchily distributed and is separated by intervening stretches of unsuitable habitat

A

Metapopulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In dispersal: interaction may not be _______; Populations ________ and send out many dispersers; _______ populations have few dispersers; Individual populations may become _______; Population _______ may occur

A

symmetrical, increase, small, extinct, bottlenecks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In _______-_______ metapopulations, some areas are suitable for long-term habitat while others are not.

A

Source-sink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In source-sink metapopulations, populations in better areas (_______) bolster the population in poorer areas (_______)

A

source, sink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In source sink metapopulations, the species occupies a _______ area than is otherwise might. Also, the continuous colonization of empty patches prevents _______-_______ _______

A

larger, long-term extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_______ is the quantitative study of populations

A

Demography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Demography measures how _______ changes through time

A

size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Population growth can be influenced by the population’s _______ _______

A

sex ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Populations with _______ generations can increase in size more quickly than populations with _______ generations

A

short, long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

_______ _______ is determined by the number of individuals in a different age group

A

age structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

_______: Group of individuals of the same age

A

Cohort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

_______: Number of offspring produced in a standard time

A

Fecundity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

_______: Death rate in a standard time

A

Mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

_______ is the percent of an original population that survives to a given age

A

Survivorship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Natural selection favors traits that maximize the number of _______ _______ left in the next generation by an individual organism. 2 factors affect this quantity: _______ and how many offspring it produces each year
surviving offspring, lifespan
26
_______ offspring have a greater chance of survival
Larger
27
_______-_______ species delay reproduction. The advantage is that juveniles gain experience before the high cost of reproduction
Long-lived
28
_______-_______ species reproduce early. Time is important; delay may mean no offspring
Short-lived
29
_______ _______ model applies to populations with no growth limits
Exponential growth
30
Exponential growth equation: _______
r = (b-d) + (i-e) where r = rate of population increase; b = birth rate; d = death rate; i = immigration; e = emigration
31
_______ _______: e = i, and there are no limits on population growth, then: dN/dt = riN. N is the _______ of individuals in the population; dN/dt is the rate of change over time; ri is the _______ rate of natural increase for the population
Biotic potential, number, intrinsic
32
The biotic potential of any population is _______ , even when the rate of increase remains constant.
exponential
33
The result of unchecked exponential population growth is _______ _______
population explosion
34
_______ _______: Symbolized by K, is the maximum number of individuals that the environment can support
Carrying capacity
35
_______ _______ _______: Applies to populations as they reach K (carrying capacity, the max number of individuals the environment can support)
Logistic growth model
36
Logistic Growth Model: _______
dN / dt = rN (K - N) / K
37
As N approaches K, the rate of population growth begins to _______
slow
38
If N = K, the population growth rate is _______
zero
39
If the population size exceeds K, the population size will _______ until it reaches K
decline
40
_______-_______ factors affect the population and depend on population size
Density-dependent
41
_______-_______ factors, such as natural disasters, affect populations regardless of size
Density-independent
42
_______ _______ _______ of a population at any instant is limited by something unrelated to the size of the population, such as external _______ aspects
Rate of growth, environmental
43
_______ availability affects life history adaptations.
Resource
44
_______-_______ populations are adapted to thrive when population is near its carrying capacity
K-selected
45
When resources are limited, the cost of _______ is high
reproduction
46
_______-_______ populations are populations far below their carrying capacity, where resources are abundant
r-selected
47
In r-selected populations, costs of reproduction are _______
low
48
In r-selected populations, selection favors individuals with the highest _______ rates
reproductive
49
Most natural populations show live history adaptations that exist along a continuum of _______- and _______- selected traits
r, K
50
Some K-selected life history traits include: Small _______ size, late _______, and a high degree of _______ _______
offspring (brood), reproduction, parental care
51
_______-_______ species are adapted to function well in rapidly changing environments
r-selected
52
In r-selected species, the organisms are generally _______, have _______ generation times, and produce many offspring in a single reproductive event. They usually receive little or no _______ _______.
small, short, parental care
53
r-selected species have a high _______ - populations grow exponentially when conditions are favorable. Also, most offspring die before reaching _______ maturity (Type ___ survivorship)
r max, sexual, III
54
In K-selected species, the organisms are generally _______, have _______ generation times, and produce little offspring (high quality) in a single reproductive event. They usually receive substantial _______ _______.
large, long, parental care
55
r-selected species have a low _______ - populations grow slowly. They have Type ___ or ___ survivorship)
r max, I, II
56
A biological _______ are species that occurs at any particular locality
community
57
Biological communities are characterized by species _______ (the number of species present) and primary _______ (the amount of energy produced)
richness, productivity
58
_______: Places where the environment changes abruptly
Ecotones
59
_______: The total of all the ways an organism uses the resources of its environment
Niche
60
Examples of niches are: _______ utilization, _______ consumption, _______ range, _______ conditions, etc.
Space, food, temperature, mating
61
_______ competition occurs when two species attempt to use the same resource and there is not enough resource to satisfy both
Interspecific
62
_______ competition is when there are physical interactions over access to resources
Interference
63
_______ competition is when the same resources are consumed
Exploitative
64
A _______ niche is an entire niche that a species is capable of using, based on physiological tolerance limits and resource needs
fundamental
65
A _______ niche is the actual set of environmental conditions, presence or absence of other species, in which the species can establish a stable population
realized
66
_______ _______: If two species are competing for a limited resource, the species that uses the resource more efficiently will eventually eliminate the other locally
Competitive exclusion
67
_______ _______ is often seen in similar species that occupy the same geographic area, where they divide limited resources
Resource partitioning
68
_______ _______ is differences in morphology evident between sympatric species
Character displacement
69
_______ is the consuming of one organism by another
predation
70
Plants adapt to predation (_______) by evolving mechanisms to defend themselves. They evolve _______ defenses (secondary compounds) like oils or poison
herbivory, chemical
71
Herbivores _______ to continue eating plants despite defense mechanisms
coevolve
72
Insects and other animals that are poisonous use _______ coloration.
warning
73
Organisms that lack specific chemical defenses use _______ coloration to help them blend with surroundings.
cryptic
74
Camouflaged animals do not usually live in _______
groups
75
_______ allows one species to capitalize on defensive strategies of another
mimicry
76
_______ mimicry is where mimics look like a distasteful species
Batesian
77
_______ mimicry is where several unrelated but poisonous species come to resemble one another
Mullerian
78
_______ is where 2 or more kinds of organisms interact in more-or-less permanent relationships
Symbiosis
79
_______ benefits both species. They may coevolve
Mutualism
80
_______ benefits one species at the expense of another
Parisitism
81
_______ benefits one species and is neutral to the other
Commensalism
82
_______ species are species whose effects on the composition of communities are greater than one might expect (like beavers)
Keystone
83
_______: Communities have a tendency to change from simple to complex
Succession
84
_______: Early successional species are characterized by _______-_______ species tolerant of harsh conditions
Establishment, r-selected
85
_______: Early successional species introduce loyal changes in the habitat. _______-_______ species replace r-selected species.
Facilitation, K-selected
86
_______: Changes in the habitat caused by one species inhibits the growth of the original species
Inhibition
87
Communities are constantly changing as a result of: _______ changes, _______ invasions, _______ events
Climatic, species, disturbance
88
_______ is common, rather than exceptional in many communities
Disturbance
89

BIO 214 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions