Ecology Flashcards
Levels of Classification
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Three Domains
Bacteria, archaea, eukarya
Six Kingdoms
Animals, plants, archaebacteria, eubacteria, fungi, protista
Similarities of Bacteria and Archaea Domains
Single-celled, prokaryotic, lack membrane-bound nucleus, polysaccharide lipids, not closely related due to RNA structure
Differences of Bacteria and Archaea Domains
Bacteria is found almost everywhere, has peptidoglycan protein, is either beneficial or harmful
Archaea has ancient heritage, found typically in aquatic environments with no oxygen, has no peptidoglycan protein
Four Eukaryotic Kingdoms
Protista, fungi, plants, animals
Differences of Eukarya from Archaea and Bacteria Kingdoms
Eukarya has membrane-bound nucleus, larger organisms, internal organs, multi-cellular
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Similarities
Both create life, evolved, have DNA and RNA, cells with membranes
Heterotrophic Examples
Animals, fungi, most protozoas and bacteria
Who Invented the Classification System
Carl Linnaeus
Biodiversity
The variety of life on Earth, in all of its forms
Three Components of Biodiversity
Ecosystem, species, and genetics
Population
A bunch of members of a species in a certain area who interact often
Community
Two or more populations of different species live together
Ecosystem
A group of organisms in a specific area, along with the nonliving parts of their environment
Biome
Where organisms have evolved similar techniques to adapt to a general set of conditions
Biosphere
Includes the atmosphere, the whole Earth, and everything that gets used by anything that’s alive
Photosynthesis Equation
6CO(2) + 6H(2)O + light energy = C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2)
Reactants of Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide and water
Products of Photosynthesis
Sugars and oxygen
Three Types of Cells in Leaves
Mesophyll cells, epidermal cells, vascular bundles
Chlorophyll
A colored compound that absorbs light
Endergonic
Requires energy to do the reaction
Exergonic
Energy is released by the reaction
Light-Independent Reaction is Also Known As
The Calvin Cycle
The Calvin Cycle Occurs Where in the Chloroplast
Stroma (leaf pores)
Light-Dependent Reaction Occurs Where in the Chloroplast
Thylakoid
Light-Dependent Reaction
Water comes in and oxygen, ATP, and NADPH come out
Calvin Cycle
CO(2), ATP, and NADPH come in and C(6)H(12)O(6) come out
Light-Independent Reactions Use What From Light-Dependent Reactions
ATP and NADPH
Three Phases of Light-Independent Reactions
Fixation, reduction, and regeneration
Morphology
Appearance
Ecology
The study of the interactions between organisms and their environments
Primary Succession
Pioneer species
Pioneer Species
Species that are the first to colonize newly created environments or repopulate disrupted biodiverse ecosystems
Secondary Succession
Seral stage and climax community
Seral Stage
A intermediate stage advancing towards climax community
Climax Community
The endpoint of succession in which a community has reached a steady state
How Much Energy is Lost at a Trophic Level
90%
Biogeochemical Cycles
Cycling of matter through biotic and abiotic compartments of Earth
Bioaccumulation
Built up pollutants in tissues of organisms
Biological Magnification
Chemicals increase as pollutants move up food chain
Pigments
Molecules that absorb light energy and determine the color of an object
Photosynthesis
The process by which plants use solar energy to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water
Limiting Factors
Light intensity, temperature, and carbon dioxide
Light Intensity Limiting Factor
Increases rate until it reaches a stabilizing point
Temperature Limiting Factor
Slower at low or high temperatures, maxes out at an optimum temperature
Carbon Dioxide Limiting Factor
Slower at low or high levels, maxes out at an optimum rate
Chlorophyll A
A primary pigment that reflects green light
Chlorophyll B
Assits chlorophyll A in absorbing light energy that reflects yellow-green light
ATP Consists Of
Adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups
Cellular Respiration
The process of energy conversion that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen
Cellular Respiration Equation
C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2) = 6H(2)O + 6CO(2) + 36ATP
Types of Cellular Respiration
Aerobic and anaerobic
Stages of Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
Stages of Anaerobic Respiration
Glycolysis (produces 2ATP), fermentation
Kreb’s Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle
Produces 2ATP
Electron Transport Chain
Produces 30-32ATP
Two Types of Fermentation
Lactic acid and alcohol
Lactic Acid Fermentation
When muscles can’t get enough oxygen to keep up, lactic acid is produced instead of ATP
Alcohol Fermentation
Produces ethyl alcohol and CO(2) instead of ATP
Dichotomous Key Chart
A scientific tool used to identify and categorize different organisms or objects based on a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name or classification
