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Honors Biology > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

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1
Q

Levels of Classification

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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2
Q

Three Domains

A

Bacteria, archaea, eukarya

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3
Q

Six Kingdoms

A

Animals, plants, archaebacteria, eubacteria, fungi, protista

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4
Q

Similarities of Bacteria and Archaea Domains

A

Single-celled, prokaryotic, lack membrane-bound nucleus, polysaccharide lipids, not closely related due to RNA structure

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5
Q

Differences of Bacteria and Archaea Domains

A

Bacteria is found almost everywhere, has peptidoglycan protein, is either beneficial or harmful
Archaea has ancient heritage, found typically in aquatic environments with no oxygen, has no peptidoglycan protein

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6
Q

Four Eukaryotic Kingdoms

A

Protista, fungi, plants, animals

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7
Q

Differences of Eukarya from Archaea and Bacteria Kingdoms

A

Eukarya has membrane-bound nucleus, larger organisms, internal organs, multi-cellular

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8
Q

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Similarities

A

Both create life, evolved, have DNA and RNA, cells with membranes

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9
Q

Heterotrophic Examples

A

Animals, fungi, most protozoas and bacteria

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10
Q

Who Invented the Classification System

A

Carl Linnaeus

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11
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of life on Earth, in all of its forms

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12
Q

Three Components of Biodiversity

A

Ecosystem, species, and genetics

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13
Q

Population

A

A bunch of members of a species in a certain area who interact often

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14
Q

Community

A

Two or more populations of different species live together

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15
Q

Ecosystem

A

A group of organisms in a specific area, along with the nonliving parts of their environment

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16
Q

Biome

A

Where organisms have evolved similar techniques to adapt to a general set of conditions

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17
Q

Biosphere

A

Includes the atmosphere, the whole Earth, and everything that gets used by anything that’s alive

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18
Q

Photosynthesis Equation

A

6CO(2) + 6H(2)O + light energy = C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2)

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19
Q

Reactants of Photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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20
Q

Products of Photosynthesis

A

Sugars and oxygen

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21
Q

Three Types of Cells in Leaves

A

Mesophyll cells, epidermal cells, vascular bundles

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22
Q

Chlorophyll

A

A colored compound that absorbs light

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23
Q

Endergonic

A

Requires energy to do the reaction

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24
Q

Exergonic

A

Energy is released by the reaction

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25
Q

Light-Independent Reaction is Also Known As

A

The Calvin Cycle

26
Q

The Calvin Cycle Occurs Where in the Chloroplast

A

Stroma (leaf pores)

27
Q

Light-Dependent Reaction Occurs Where in the Chloroplast

A

Thylakoid

28
Q

Light-Dependent Reaction

A

Water comes in and oxygen, ATP, and NADPH come out

29
Q

Calvin Cycle

A

CO(2), ATP, and NADPH come in and C(6)H(12)O(6) come out

30
Q

Light-Independent Reactions Use What From Light-Dependent Reactions

A

ATP and NADPH

31
Q

Three Phases of Light-Independent Reactions

A

Fixation, reduction, and regeneration

32
Q

Morphology

A

Appearance

33
Q

Ecology

A

The study of the interactions between organisms and their environments

34
Q

Primary Succession

A

Pioneer species

35
Q

Pioneer Species

A

Species that are the first to colonize newly created environments or repopulate disrupted biodiverse ecosystems

36
Q

Secondary Succession

A

Seral stage and climax community

37
Q

Seral Stage

A

A intermediate stage advancing towards climax community

38
Q

Climax Community

A

The endpoint of succession in which a community has reached a steady state

39
Q

How Much Energy is Lost at a Trophic Level

A

90%

40
Q

Biogeochemical Cycles

A

Cycling of matter through biotic and abiotic compartments of Earth

41
Q

Bioaccumulation

A

Built up pollutants in tissues of organisms

42
Q

Biological Magnification

A

Chemicals increase as pollutants move up food chain

43
Q

Pigments

A

Molecules that absorb light energy and determine the color of an object

44
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process by which plants use solar energy to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water

45
Q

Limiting Factors

A

Light intensity, temperature, and carbon dioxide

46
Q

Light Intensity Limiting Factor

A

Increases rate until it reaches a stabilizing point

47
Q

Temperature Limiting Factor

A

Slower at low or high temperatures, maxes out at an optimum temperature

48
Q

Carbon Dioxide Limiting Factor

A

Slower at low or high levels, maxes out at an optimum rate

49
Q

Chlorophyll A

A

A primary pigment that reflects green light

50
Q

Chlorophyll B

A

Assits chlorophyll A in absorbing light energy that reflects yellow-green light

51
Q

ATP Consists Of

A

Adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

52
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

The process of energy conversion that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen

53
Q

Cellular Respiration Equation

A

C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2) = 6H(2)O + 6CO(2) + 36ATP

54
Q

Types of Cellular Respiration

A

Aerobic and anaerobic

55
Q

Stages of Aerobic Respiration

A

Glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

56
Q

Stages of Anaerobic Respiration

A

Glycolysis (produces 2ATP), fermentation

57
Q

Kreb’s Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle

A

Produces 2ATP

58
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A

Produces 30-32ATP

59
Q

Two Types of Fermentation

A

Lactic acid and alcohol

60
Q

Lactic Acid Fermentation

A

When muscles can’t get enough oxygen to keep up, lactic acid is produced instead of ATP

61
Q

Alcohol Fermentation

A

Produces ethyl alcohol and CO(2) instead of ATP

62
Q

Dichotomous Key Chart

A

A scientific tool used to identify and categorize different organisms or objects based on a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name or classification

Honors Biology (8 decks)

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