Cells n Stuff Flashcards
Who first coined the term cells?
Robert Hooke
What year did Robert Hooke take a peek at some corks and find cells?
1665
Cell Theory
- Everything living is made up of cells
- All past cells come form other living cells
- A cell is the most basic unit of life
The cell membrane contains:
Lipids, proteins, and phospholipids
A phospholipid is:
A lipid that contains phosphorus
The three functions of a cell membrane:
- Separating the cell from its surrounding
- Allowing nutrients in and waste out
- Homeostasis
Proteins and lipids in a cell membrane:
Control the movement in/out of the cell
Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane
Three types of passive transport:
Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis
Diffusion
The movement of small particles across a semi-permeable membrane until equilibrium is reached
Facilitated Diffusion
The movement of large particles across a semi-permeable membrane until equilibrium is reached
Nucleolus
Produces ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Packages/labels proteins
Vesicle
Finalizes assembly and transports proteins (the random one)
Vacuole
Stores excess nutrients
Another word for channels:
Pores
Hypertonic Solutions
HIGH level of solute
Water flows OUT
Animal cells will SHRIVEL
Hypotonic Solution
LOW level of solute
Water flows IN
Animal cells will SWELL
Isotonic Solution
EVEN level of solute
Water flows IN and OUT at same rate
Animal cells are HAPPY
Endocytosis
The process of large molecules going into a cell
Exocytosis
The process of large molecule going out of a cell
Order of tiny things
1 nano meter
1000 micro meters
1 micro meter
1000 millimeters
10 millimeters
1 centimeter
When the length of a side doubles,
Volume multiplies by 8
Surface area multiplies by 4
When the size of a shape doubles,
Volume to surface area ratio divides by 2
When a cylinder is, the ratio is:
2 cm - 13:1
4 cm - 5:1
Heterotrophic
Lacking a cell wall
Best size for a cell
Large surface area to volume ratio (a smaller cell is better for this)
of cell parts so far
12
Smooth ER vs rough ER function
Smooth ER - transports lipids
Rough ER - transports proteins
Order of protein production:
Nucleus, rough er (ribosomes), vesicles, (optional Golgi apparatus), cell membrane
Another name for cell membrane
Plasma membrane
What is the head of a phospholipid made out of
An alcohol and phosphate group
What is the tail of a phospholipid made out of
Chains of lipids
Can phospholipids move freely
Yes
Proteins
Aid in diffusion and cell recognition
Some membrane proteins have what attach to help cells recognize each other and other certain molecules
Carbohydrate chains
Big clump on drawing
Involved in cell-to-cell recognition
Hairs on drawing
Attracts water
Inside > outside
Hypertonic
Inside < outside
Hypotonic
A protein pump moves what against the concentration gradient
Ions
The protein that is used to pump ions is called what
A transport protein
Having a greater solute
Hypertonic
Having less solute
Hypotonic
As a relative concentration of solutes in two solutions increases, of necessity the concentration of water in the same two solutions:
Decreases
When a solution is hypotonic to a plant cell, the plant cell:
Won’t swell due to the presence of its cell wall
How many cells are in the human body?
100 trillion
What is our first line of defense once a virus enters the body?
Antibodies
What’s the next major barrier after the antibodies?
The cell wall
Plant cells need what solution?
Hypotonic
