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Honors Biology > Cells n Stuff > Flashcards

Cells n Stuff Flashcards

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1
Q

Who first coined the term cells?

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

What year did Robert Hooke take a peek at some corks and find cells?

A

1665

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3
Q

Cell Theory

A
  1. Everything living is made up of cells
  2. All past cells come form other living cells
  3. A cell is the most basic unit of life
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4
Q

The cell membrane contains:

A

Lipids, proteins, and phospholipids

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5
Q

A phospholipid is:

A

A lipid that contains phosphorus

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6
Q

The three functions of a cell membrane:

A
  1. Separating the cell from its surrounding
  2. Allowing nutrients in and waste out
  3. Homeostasis
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7
Q

Proteins and lipids in a cell membrane:

A

Control the movement in/out of the cell

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8
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane

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9
Q

Three types of passive transport:

A

Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis

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10
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of small particles across a semi-permeable membrane until equilibrium is reached

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11
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

The movement of large particles across a semi-permeable membrane until equilibrium is reached

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12
Q

Nucleolus

A

Produces ribosomes

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13
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Packages/labels proteins

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14
Q

Vesicle

A

Finalizes assembly and transports proteins (the random one)

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15
Q

Vacuole

A

Stores excess nutrients

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16
Q

Another word for channels:

A

Pores

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17
Q

Hypertonic Solutions

A

HIGH level of solute
Water flows OUT
Animal cells will SHRIVEL

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18
Q

Hypotonic Solution

A

LOW level of solute
Water flows IN
Animal cells will SWELL

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19
Q

Isotonic Solution

A

EVEN level of solute
Water flows IN and OUT at same rate
Animal cells are HAPPY

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20
Q

Endocytosis

A

The process of large molecules going into a cell

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21
Q

Exocytosis

A

The process of large molecule going out of a cell

22
Q

Order of tiny things

A

1 nano meter
1000 micro meters
1 micro meter
1000 millimeters
10 millimeters
1 centimeter

23
Q

When the length of a side doubles,

A

Volume multiplies by 8
Surface area multiplies by 4

24
Q

When the size of a shape doubles,

A

Volume to surface area ratio divides by 2

25
Q

When a cylinder is, the ratio is:

A

2 cm - 13:1
4 cm - 5:1

26
Q

Heterotrophic

A

Lacking a cell wall

27
Q

Best size for a cell

A

Large surface area to volume ratio (a smaller cell is better for this)

28
Q

of cell parts so far

A

12

29
Q

Smooth ER vs rough ER function

A

Smooth ER - transports lipids
Rough ER - transports proteins

30
Q

Order of protein production:

A

Nucleus, rough er (ribosomes), vesicles, (optional Golgi apparatus), cell membrane

31
Q

Another name for cell membrane

A

Plasma membrane

32
Q

What is the head of a phospholipid made out of

A

An alcohol and phosphate group

33
Q

What is the tail of a phospholipid made out of

A

Chains of lipids

34
Q

Can phospholipids move freely

A

Yes

35
Q

Proteins

A

Aid in diffusion and cell recognition

36
Q

Some membrane proteins have what attach to help cells recognize each other and other certain molecules

A

Carbohydrate chains

37
Q

Big clump on drawing

A

Involved in cell-to-cell recognition

38
Q

Hairs on drawing

A

Attracts water

39
Q

Inside > outside

A

Hypertonic

40
Q

Inside < outside

A

Hypotonic

41
Q

A protein pump moves what against the concentration gradient

A

Ions

42
Q

The protein that is used to pump ions is called what

A

A transport protein

43
Q

Having a greater solute

A

Hypertonic

44
Q

Having less solute

A

Hypotonic

45
Q

As a relative concentration of solutes in two solutions increases, of necessity the concentration of water in the same two solutions:

A

Decreases

46
Q

When a solution is hypotonic to a plant cell, the plant cell:

A

Won’t swell due to the presence of its cell wall

47
Q

How many cells are in the human body?

A

100 trillion

48
Q

What is our first line of defense once a virus enters the body?

A

Antibodies

49
Q

What’s the next major barrier after the antibodies?

A

The cell wall

50
Q

Plant cells need what solution?

A

Hypotonic

Honors Biology (8 decks)

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