Basically Quarter 2 But Starting At DNA Flashcards
Gregor Mendel
Discovered DNA in 1869
Discovered complete dominance inheritance patterns
Erwin Chargaff
Discovered complementary base pairs are almost always equal
Rosalind Franklin
Used X-Ray Diffraction to see the molecule of DNA (except it was low-key a chromosome)
Rosalind Franklin’s X-Ray Diffraction
Showed double helix patterns and suggested two strands and chromosomes
Other clues suggested nitrogenous bases were in the center
James Watson
Shown Franklin’s picture in 1953
Born in July 1928 and still alive
Franklin’s Picture
Picture 51
James Watson and Francis Crick
Made a model that showed how DNA carried info and could be copied
Proposed that DNA had specific pairing between nitrogenous bases
Won the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize
DNA’s Spiral Coils Into:
The chromosome shape
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid - a long, thin molecule of heredity that contains the genetic information for life
Nucleotides
A polymer made of monomers that contains a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base
Complementary Base Pairs
The specific pairing between the nitrogenous bases (adenine to thymine, cytosine to guanine)
Why are nitrogenous bases specific to connect?
Due to the structures of the molecules and hydrogen bonds
Complementary Base Pairs Are Held Together By:
Weak hydrogen bonds
Sugar-Phosphate Backbone is Bonded With:
Strong covalent bonds
Bond Between Adenine and Thymine:
Double hydrogen bond
Bond Between Cytosine and Guanine:
Triple hydrogen bond
Why do some organisms not have = base pair levels?
Evolving with adaptions or mutations
DNA Accounts For:
Biodiversity
All Living Things:
Have DNA
What Makes Living Things Unique?
The number and order of nitrogenous bases/nucleotides
Some Traits Come From:
Environmental conditions
Portions of DNA Make:
Genes
Genes
Usually code for proteins
Most Info of DNA Was Discovered In:
1920s
Francis Crick
Born in July 1916 and died July 2004
Deoxyribose
A five-carbon sugar
Double Helix
Shape of DNA molecule - allows DNA to be protected, continue forming, and spiral into a chromosome
What scientists contributed to our current understanding of DNA?
Gregor Mendel, Erwin Chargaff, Rosalind Franklin, and James Watson and Francis Crick
Heredity
Traits passed down from parents to offspring
Gene Regulation
Genes being turned on/off due to necessity
What is the form of a DNA molecule that makes it special?
Antiparallel
The two strands of DNA held together with hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen bases are what?
Weak bonds between polar molecules
