Genetics Flashcards
Gametes
Reproductive cell of an animal or plant
Number of Possible Outcomes
Number of gametes squared
Number of Gamete Combinations
2^number of alleles
Polygenic Inheritance
Traits controlled by many genes in continuous gradations of small differences
Polygenic Traits
A trait controlled by two or more separate genes
Multiple-Allele Inheritance
Genes with more than two alternate forms
Multiple Alleles
Genes represented by more than two alleles
Locus
The specific location of a gene on a chromosome
Six Mendellian Genetics
1) Each character is controlled by one gene
2) Each gene is on a different chromosome
3) Each character is controlled by two forms of that gene - alleles
4) One allele is dominant over the other allele
5) Alleles segregate
6) Chromosomes assort independently
Allele
Alternative form of a gene located in a specific location on a chromosome
Epistasis
Interaction between genes that are not alleles
Pleiotropy
Production of a single gene of two or more unrelated effects
Male VS Female Chromosome Sizing
Chromosome 23 is half as big in males then in females
Gene
A unit of heredity that is passed from parents to offspring
Principle of Dominance
The presence of a dominant allele will always mask the presence of a recessive one
Independent Assortment
How different genes independently separate from one another
Autosomal Dominant Trait
Either parent can pass this trait on
Autosomal Recessive Trait
Parent who’s a carrier can pass this on
Autosomal
Relating to a non-sex chromosome
Dihybrid Punnet Squares
Include both traits, each combined in a different order
Dihybrid Phenotype
Include both traits
Blood Type Crossing
Monohybrid punnet square
Blood Type Non-Mendelian Inheritance
Codominance
Sex-linked Crossing
Monohybrid punnet square
Sex-linked Punnet Squares and Pedigree Charts
Include sex
Pedigree Charts Shading
Shade for trait
Ways to Write Blood Types
A - I^AI^A or I^Ai
B - I^BI^B or I^Bi
AB - I^AI^B
O - ii
