Biological Molecules Flashcards
DNA’s Job
Makes proteins that code for cells
RNA’s Job
Helps make the proteins coded by DNA by transferring the “recipe”
Ester Bond
When fatty acids are joined to a glycerol
Chemical Reactions
A process in which one or more substances are changed into others
Reactants
Substance being broken down or combined
Products
New substances formed in the reaction
Catalysts
Substances that speed up the rate of chemical reactions without being destroyed or changed
Enzymes
Proteins that catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions in cells
Substrate
Substance that is acted on in an enzyme
Nucleic Acid’s Enzyme
Deoxyribase
Substrates Are
The reactants in the enzyme’s chemical reaction
Active Site
The site on an enzyme where the substrate bonds to
Elements
Substances made of one type of atom
Compounds/Molecules
A group of atoms bonded together to take part in a chemical reaction
The Three Sections of a Protein Molecule
Amine group, carboxylic group, variable R side chain
The Three Sections of a Nucleic Acid Molecule
Nitrogen base, phosphate group, sugar
How to Test for Starch
Use iodine, blue or purple is positive
How to Test for Proteins
Use Biuret Solution, gently shake, purple is positive
Metabolism
Breaking down nutrients to use for bodily functions
Hydrolysis
Using water to break apart polymers into monomers
Dehydration Synthesis
Two monomers bonded together to form a polymer and water as a product
Saturated Lipids’ Structure
Single bonded carbons
Unsaturated Lipids’ Structure
Double bonded carbons
