eClass Questions Flashcards
1
Q
An athlete is running at a moderate pace on a flat-level road. The athlete approaches a steep hill. He begins the run up the hill. Which energy system will the athlete draw upon to fuel the run at the point when he has been running up the hill for 15 seconds.
A
Glycolytic system
2
Q
During aerobic metabolism “CHO burns in the flame of fat”. T/F
A
False
* “fat burns in the flame of CHO”
3
Q
The amount of oxygen taken up in excess of the resting value during the recovery period has been referred to as the ??
A
oxygen debt
4
Q
Both physical therapists and athletic therapists provide rehabilitative therapy services to athletes. T/F
A
true
5
Q
The ?? that is observed in the body following intense physical activity reflects the oxygen demand necessary for the body to repair and replenish itself and return to its pre-exercise state.
A
excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
6
Q
Ingesting supplemental creatine with carbohydrate or a combination of carbohydrate and protein has been reported to more consistently promote greater creatine retention. T/F
A
True
7
Q
The body needs to replenish approximately 5 grams of creatine per day through dietary intake to maintain normal (unsupplemented) creatine stores. T/F
A
False
8
Q
To support ATP synthesis during prolonged, low-moderate intensity physical activity, athletes must ensure that their diet provides adequate amounts of ??
A
Carbohydrates
9
Q
It is possible for an individual to never exercise but be physically active. T/F
A
true
10
Q
Which of the following foods are dietary sources of creatine?
1. ground beef
2. milk
3. shrimp
4. all of the above
A
all of the above
11
Q
Which of the following nutrients is most likely to negatively impact sport performance if an athlete does not consistently take in the recommended amount?
1. vitamin C
2. Calcium
3. Iron
4. Vitamin D
A
Iron
12
Q
The procedures, actions, and processes that a healthcare practitioner is knowledgeable, competent, and permitted to undertake in keeping with the terms of their professional license or registration is know as their ??
A
Scope of practice
13
Q
The Integrated Performance Health Management and Coaching Model focuses on the operational integration of Performance Coaching with ?? to enhance athlete well-being and sport performance using a team-based approach.
A
performance health management
14
Q
Marcus is a football player who is 6’4” tall and weighs 247.5 lbs. Based on these anthropometric measures, Marcus is considered to be in the ?? category based on his Body Mass Index.
A
obese
15
Q
Professional dominance clarifies structures and relationships within an Integrated Support Team and supports athlete care. T/F
A
False
16
Q
Hockey and lacrosse share the same LTAD? T/F
A
False
17
Q
The activity of the ?? energy system can be extedned through the use of creatine supplementation.
A
phospagen/ phosphocreatine/ creatine phosphate
18
Q
The phenomena known as ?? halts an atheltes ability to perform physically and refelct the depletion of both glycogen and blood glucose stores
A
hitting the wall
19
Q
Oral supplementation with ?? associated with enahncements to anaerobic sport performance lasting more than 4 minutes
A
sodium bicarbonate
20
Q
A serving of crackers provides 11 grams of CHO, 1 gram of fat, and 1 gram of protein. Based on the macronutrient profile there are ?? calories in the serving of crackers
A
57
21
Q
The ?? model support evidence-based practice by helping sport dieticians develop answerable questions, formulate effective strategies to conduct literature searches, and clarify information
A
PICO
22
Q
Most of the energy used to fuel low intensity physical activity comes from the ?? energy system
A
aerobic
23
Q
The point at which the cori cycle can no longer effectively clear lactate and hydrogen ions begin to accumulate in working muscle is known as the ??
A
lactate threshold
24
Q
?? is the physiological poiint where the blood concentration of lactate begins to increase rapidly
A
onset of blood lactate accumulation
25
Which of the following physical responses are associated with sodium bicarbonate supplementation in athletes?
1. vomiting
2. nausea
3. diarrhea
4. all of the above
all of the above
26
creatine is banned/ prohibited substance in many sports and, as such, athletes who use creatine are subject to penalties including competition bans. T/F
False
27
In addition to its use by athletes, ?? supplementation has also been investigated as a treatment for neurological diseases, diabetes, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, aging, brain and heart ischemia, adolescent depression, and pregnancy
creatine
28
A 170 lb. (77 kg) male athlete who is initiating creatine supplementation with a loading phase should ingest ?? grams of creatine monohydrate taken 3 to 4 times per day for 3 days
5
29
The primary metabolic role of creatine is to combine with a phosphoryl group (Pi) to form the compound ??
phosphocreatine
30
Creatine stores in vegetarian athletes have been observed to be lower than those found in atheletes who choose a mixed (animal foods/ plant foods) diet. T/F
True
31
?? is a condition that negatively impacts endurance that occurs when there is greater blood glucose uptake than the available glucose supply (from either the dietary soures or liver gluconeogenesis)
hypoglycemia
32
What are the three characterisitic elements of the female athlete triad?
* energy deficit
* mentstrual cycle disturbances and potentially amenhorrea
* bone metabolism dysfunction - early osteoporisis
33
What triggers the female athlete triad?
relative energy deficiency
34
Describe the hormonal cascade that occurs when the female athlete triad is triggered that ultimately produces the characteristic elements of this condition/
1. reduced GrH from hypothalmus
2. reduced secretion of FSH and LH from pituitary
3. ovary not stimulated as would be normally seen so see similar conditions as to menopause with rapid decline is estradiol, leading to menstrual loss and fragile bone
35
The contribution of the thermic effect of food are greater than the contribution of exercise activity with respect to total daily energy expenditure. T/F
True
36
37
TDEE formula best used for male and female athletes
* Cunningham
* Harris-Benedict Equation
38
Anorexia Athletica is a form of Body Dysmorphic Disorcer that is seen in active individuals. T/F
False
39
A ?? occurs when the metabolic pathways of catabolism and anabolism run simultaneously in opposite direction, thus having no overall effect.
futile cycle
40
A ?? occurs when the metabolic pathways of catabolism and anabolism run simultaneously in oppositie directions, thus habing no overall effect.
futile cycle
41
To calculate enery availabilty for an individual athlete, that athlete would first have to undergo body composition testing. T/F
True
42
To meet the diagnostic criteria for Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder, an individual must have lost significant amount of weight, and present with significant nutrition deficiencies. T/F
False
43
The diagnostic criteria that define the various forms of eating disorders seen in both athletes and non-athletes are found in the ??
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
44
Dietary protein intake and resistance exercise drive muslce protein synthesis by activating the protein kinase called ??
Mammalian target of rapamycin
45
The amino acid, leucine, is a trigger for muscle protein synthesis. Which of the following is a good source of leucine?
1. spinach
2. whole-milk yogurt
3. oatmeal
4. calcium fortifed soy beverage
whole-milk yogurt
46
Which of the following factors influences the risk for reactive hypoglycemia in athletes?
1. feeling of anxiety
2. personal history of hypoglycemia
3. pre-event eating
4. All of the above
All of the above
47
Males jockeys are at heightened risk for developing REDs compared to other athlete groups. T/F
true
48
?? is the measure of energy intake minus exercise expenditure divided by fat-free mass
Energy availability
49
The minimum weight that an athlete who is 175 cm tall could hold and still be in the normal body weight category for BMI is ??
57
50
Which of the following hormones increase RMR?
1. cortisol
2. human growth hormone
3. catecholamines
4. All of the above
All of the above
51
Caffeine positively impacts sport performance by:
* sparing glycogen
* increasing time to exhaustion
52
Which of the following is/are common side effects of carbohydrate loading?
* dehydration
* weight loss
* weight gain
* anaphylaxia
weight gain
53
Which of the following is the largest element of energy expenditure?
1. Thermic effect of food
2. Non-exercise activity thermogenesis
3. Exercise activity thermogenesis
4. Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
54
Which of the following is a form of disordered eating?
1. Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
2. Body Dysmorphic Disorder
3. Night Eating Syndrome
4. Orthorexia Nervosa
Orthorexia Nervosa
55
Which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia?
1. Mydriasis
2. Paresthesia
3. Tachycardia
4. All of the above
all of the above
56
Which of the following is a characteristic of Sports Anemia in athletes?
1. Is treated with iron supplements at a dose of 100-200 mg elemental iron per day
2. Is more likely to occur in a marathon runner than in a short-distance sprinter
3. Results in low hemoglobin levels
4. None of the above
Is more likely to occur in a marathon runner than in a short-distance sprinter
57
indirectly assesses body composition by determining the volume of air displaced by the body inside an enclosed chamber.
Air Displacement Plethysmography
58
One of the physical signs of anemia is a condition known as
which results in nails that are spoon-shaped.
koilonychia
59
is a prohibited, performance-enhancing technique that involves the misuse of substances like erythropoietin to increase red blood cell mass.
blood doping
60
is a health assessment tool that is insensitive to body composition and, as such, is known to provide inaccurate findings when used with athletes.
body mass index
61
refers to the energy that is expended by the body during physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive in nature.
exercise acitivity thermogenesis
62
Individuals living with the condition known as ?? often view excessive training as a necessary means to success even in the face of injury, pain, and illness.
anorexia athletica
63
Activity-driven upregulation of the hormone ?? decreases iron absorption, increases iron needs, and presents an additional risk for anemia in athletes.
hepcidin
64
?? is characterized by glucose depletion (blood levels and glycogen) which, in turn, produces severe hypoglycemia during endurance activity.
hitting the wall
65
The relatively high content of ?? in the whey component of cow's milk provides a trigger for muscle protein synthesis.
leucine
66
is the component of daily energy expenditure that represents the energy expended to perform the activities of daily life such as fidgeting, low intensity walking, and standing.
non-exercise activity thermogenesis
67
is an approach to dietary modification that spans weeks and months to an entire year and encompasses all of the training that an athlete will take part in.
macro-periodization
68
is the limiting substrate in the beta-oxidation of lipids and aerobic metabolism.
carbohydrates
69
Body Mass Index findings of ?? are associated with Relative Energy Deficit in Sport (REDS).
<17.5
70
is the increase in metabolism after a meal and accounts for approximately 10% of total energy expenditure in both athletes and non-athletes.
thermic effect of food
71
The metabolic point known as the Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation is the point after which lactate synthesis exceeds lactate clearance.
T/F
false
OBLA is the point at which intensity at which the blood concentration of lactate begins to increase rapidly. The Lactate Threshold is the point at which lactate synthesis exceeds lactate clearance. Although related, they are not the same thing.
72
Lack of body water is associated can skew the results of Bio-Electrical Impedance testing and over-estimate lean body mass.
T/F
false
BIA is sensitive to hydration status such that lack of body water (dehydration) results in an over-estimate of fat mass, not lean body mass.
73
To prevent hypoglycemia during sport, athletes should consume pre-training or pre-event meals comprised of high Glycemic Index carbohydrate sources. T\F
F
LOW Glycemic Index sources of CHO are recommended for a pre-training or pre-event meal to off-set the risk for reactive hypoglycemia.
74
An 80 kg male endurance athlete participates in moderate-intensity training for an average of three hours most days. To achieve the recommended carbohydrate intake for this type and volume of training, this athlete should consume between 400 to 560 grams of carbohydrate in total each day. T/F
False
The recommended CHO intake for endurance training (1-3 hours/day) is 6-10 grams/kg/day or (for an 80 kg athlete) 480 grams to 800 grams of CHO in total each day.
75
Carbohydrate Loading is an ergogenic approach used by Sport Dietitians to prevent hypoglycemia and ensure adequate substrate availability during long-duration, aerobic metabolism.
T/F
True
76
An athlete's estimated Total Daily Energy Expenditure is 2725 kcal/day. Recognizing this, the minimum amount of fat that this athlete should take in is 45 grams/day. T/F
False
Fat should account for 20 25% of Total Energy Intake to support CHO requirements. This means that the minimum amount of fat that an athlete who requires 2725 kcal/day is .20 X 2725 kcal = 545 kcal from fat/9 kcal per gram of fat = 60.5 grams of fat per day.
77
The criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, allow mental health professionals to simultaneously diagnose both Orthorexia Nervosa and anxiety in people. T/F
False
The DSM-V has clear criteria to support the diagnosis of anxiety and anxiety disorders. The DSM-V does not support diagnosis of Orthorexia Nervosa because this condition is not considered to be an eating disorder at this time. It is a sub-clinical form of disordered eating. Health care providers would still be concerned about the behaviours that are commonly associated with Orthorexia Nervosa. However, it is important to understand that Orthorexia Nervosa is not a recognized eating disorder with agreed-upon diagnostic criteria in the DSM-V.
78
An athlete's estimated Total Daily Energy Intake is 3650 kcal. To support weight loss, the recommended energy intake for this athlete should be between 2650 and 3150 kcal/day.
False
he recommended calorie reduction for fat loss in athletes is between (250 to 500 less kcal/day or 10 to 20% below the typical calorie intake)
79
The absence of a sustained EPOC after exercise is associated with low exercise intensity and/or low duration activity.
True
80
Professional dominance refers to the understanding that non-health professional members of an Integrated Support Teams (IST), such as coaches or team managers, typically have less influence over the adoption of recommendations for athlete health than the trained health professionals on the same team.
false
Professional dominance describes the structural relationships different professions have with one another in relation to power imbalances, issues of trust, suppression of competing professions, and subordination of less established professions. Research shows that coaches, while not trained as health professionals, still exert significant professional dominance on an IST, which can create issues between the team members.
81
The Long-Term Athlete Development framework for a sport provides the requirements for ratios of training to competition hours, points of emphasis in skills training, formats for competition, and nutrition education.
False
The LTAD offer recommendations, not requirements. Coaches and other sport administrators can opt to deviate from the LTAD.
82
Protein intakes above the RDA spare muscle mass during periods of intentional energy restriction to promote fat loss.
True
83
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea is driven by a mismatch between energy intake and exercise energy expenditure from training or competition.
true
84
Low energy availability is associated with increases in RMR in female athletes.
false
85
Low energy availability is associated with depressive traits, psychosomatic disorders, and a decreased ability to manage stress in athletes.
true
86
Which of the following are example(s) of blood doping techniques used by athletes.
1. Erythropoietin (EPO) supplementation
2. Autologous transfusion
3. Homologous transfusion
4. All of the above
all of the above
87
is a clinical/physical finding of anemia that is found by examining the nails.
koilonychia
88
Supplements containing the ferrous versus the ferric form of iron are the preferred treatment for sports anemia.
false
89
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) decreases as Ferritin levels decrease.
false
90
The condition known as ?? results from the temporary expansion of blood volume as hemoglobin synthesis lags behind.
sports anemia
91
The recombinant version of the hormone ?? is used by endurance athletes to increase red blood cell levels and enhance oxygen transport during sport.
erythropoietin
92
Unusual fatigue, lightheadedness, headache, dark urine, dry mouth, infrequent urination, and an unusually rapid heartbeat are all signs and symptoms of:
hypohydration
93
An endurance runner is more likely to present with sport anemia than a body-builder. T/F
True
94
occurs when plasma sodium levels fall below 135 mmol/L.
hyponatremia
95
Dietary iron deficiency is the primary cause of Megaloblastic Anemia
false
96
The transient state between normal body water content within a homeostatic range and a body water deficit is known as ??
dehydration
97
Which of the following are symptoms of over-hydration:
1. Weight gain
2. Weight loss
3. Increased sweat losses
4. Hives
weight gain
98
Hypoglycemia during sport can stimulate the release of Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) by the hypothalamus, thereby increasing the risk for hyponatremia
true
99
Sport anemia is treated with the combination of an iron-rich diet and oral iron supplementation.
false
100
is the name given to the condition where water intake exceeds the body's requirements.
hyperhydration
101
Russian tennis player, Maria Sharapova failed a drug test at the 2016 Australian Open. She had tested positive for meldonium, a drug that appears on the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)'s List of Prohibited Substances. Sharapova was subsequently suspended from playing tennis for two years by the International Tennis Federation (ITF). She appealed her suspension arguing that she did not know it was a prohibited substance and that it has been prescribed by her doctor. The suspension was upheld based on the principle of ?? which holds that athletes are responsible for any prohibited substance that is found in a blood or urine sample they offer for doping control.
strict liability
102
All nutritional ergogenic aids offered for sale or use in Canada carry a Natural Health Product Number (NPN) or a Drug Identification Number (DIN) on the label.
false
103
Which of the following is not a substance prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency?
1. Erythropoietin
2. Anabolic androgenic steroids
3. Aromatase inhibitors
4. Oral glucose replacement tablets
oral glucose replacemnet tablets
104
established to promote fair play in sports through the implementation of globally accepted policies that work to limit the use of performance-enhancing drugs and other strategies by athletes.
World anti doping agency
105
Reflective listening, or paraphrasing, open-ended questions, and affirmations are all essential tools for:
1. Nutrition care
2. Nutrition diagnosis
3. Motivational interviewing
4. None of the above
motivational interviewing
106
?? is used to describe the situation wherein a drug or natural health produced is used for a purpose that has either not been approved by Health Canada OR is not the stated condition of use.
off label use
107
?? indicates that athletes are responsible for any prohibited substance that may be found in a blood or urine sample that they provide regardless of how the substances was received.
strict liability
108
Food Frequency Questionnaires allow for the quantitative assessment of an athlete's intake and complement the data collected using either a 24-Hour Dietary Recall or Food Records.
false
109
Branch Chain Amino Acid supplements are safe and have been shown to be effective in improving sport performance.
false
110
The misuse of certain techniques and/or substances to increase an athlete's red blood cell mass is known collectively as ??
blood doping
