ECG Analysis Flashcards by Demond Fleming

P wave =

atrial depolarization/contraction

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QRS complex =

ventricular depolarization/contraction
high voltage

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T wave =

ventricular repolarization/relaxation
should be in the same deflection as QRS complex

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What type of arrhythmia is displayed on the ECG?

1st degree AV Heart Block
-long PR interval
-most common
-common cause of bradycardia

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What type of arrhythmia is displayed on the ECG?

Type I 2nd degree HB = Mobitz I
-PR interval gets progressively longer
-“long long drop wenckebach”

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What type of arrhythmia is displayed on the ECG?

Type II 2nd degree HB = Mobitz II
-PR interval consistent, then QRS drops

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Which of the following best describes atrial flutter?

A) Irregular atrial quivering with lower amplitude
B) Atrial contraction in sync with ventricles
C) Regular atrial quivering with atrial contraction out of sync with the ventricles
D) Elimination of atrial kick

C) Regular atrial quivering with atrial contraction out of sync with the ventricles

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What characteristic is typically absent in atrial fibrillation?

A) Regular atrial quivering
B) Atrial kick
C) P wave
D) Ventricular contraction

C) P wave

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Which condition is associated with lower amplitude, irregular atrial quivering?
A) Atrial Flutter
B) Atrial Fibrillation
C) Ventricular Tachycardia
D) Supraventricular Tachycardia

B) Atrial Fibrillation

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The elimination of atrial kick is a consequence of which arrhythmia?

A) Atrial Flutter
B) Atrial Fibrillation
C) Ventricular Fibrillation
D) Sinus Tachycardia

B) Atrial Fibrillation

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Atrial contraction out of sync with the ventricles is a hallmark of which arrhythmia?

A) Atrial Flutter
B) Atrial Fibrillation
C) Ventricular Fibrillation
D) Junctional Rhythm

A) Atrial Flutter

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What is the primary difference between atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation?

A) Atrial flutter has irregular quivering, while atrial fibrillation has regular quivering.
B) Atrial fibrillation has lower amplitude, irregular quivering compared to atrial flutter’s regular quivering.
C) Atrial flutter eliminates the P wave, while atrial fibrillation preserves it.
D) Atrial fibrillation causes sync between atria and ventricles, while atrial flutter does not.

B) Atrial fibrillation has lower amplitude, irregular quivering compared to atrial flutter’s regular quivering.

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Which of the following best describes a unifocal premature ventricular contraction (PVC)?

A) A PVC with multiple ectopic foci in the ventricles
B) A premature ventricular depolarization with an impulse generated in the Purkinje fibers instead of the SA node
C) PVCs that occur only during atrial contraction
D) PVCs originating in different ectopic foci with different electrical configurations

B) A premature ventricular depolarization with an impulse generated in the Purkinje fibers instead of the SA node

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hat is a couplet in the context of unifocal PVCs?

A) Two PVCs originating from different ectopic foci
B) Two PVCs occurring simultaneously
C) Two simultaneous PVCs originating from the same ectopic focus
D) Two PVCs occurring in sync with atrial contraction

C) Two simultaneous PVCs originating from the same ectopic focus

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A) It originates from the Purkinje fibers instead of the SA node.
B) It is a premature depolarization from a single ectopic focus.
C) It originates from multiple ectopic foci with different electrical configurations.
D) It occurs simultaneously with atrial depolarization.

C) It originates from multiple ectopic foci with different electrical configurations.

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Which of the following is suggestive of more severe electrical conductivity problems in the heart?

A) Unifocal PVC
B) Multifocal PVC
C) Couplet PVC
D) Sinus Bradycardia

Answer: B

Which structure generates the impulse in unifocal PVCs instead of the SA node?

A) AV node
B) Bundle of His
C) Purkinje fibers
D) Left atrium

C) Purkinje fibers

What is the defining characteristic of bigeminy?

A) PVC every third normal beat
B) PVC every second normal beat
C) Two simultaneous PVCs
D) PVC originating from multiple ectopic foci

B) PVC every second normal beat

Which of the following arrhythmias is characterized by a PVC occurring every third normal beat?

A) Bigeminy
B) Couplet
C) Trigeminy
D) Ventricular Tachycardia

C) Trigeminy

In a patient with bigeminy, how often does the PVC occur?

A) After every normal beat
B) Every second normal beat
C) Every third normal beat
D) Sporadically without a set pattern

B) Every second normal beat

What heart rate is typically associated with atrial fibrillation (AFib) with rapid ventricular response (RVR)?

A) Less than 60 bpm
B) Between 60-100 bpm
C) Greater than 120 bpm
D) Greater than 150 bpm

C) Greater than 120 bpm

Which of the following best describes AFib with RVR?

A) A normal response to irregular atrial contractions
B) An abnormal ventricular response to irregular atrial contractions with a heart rate over 120 bpm
C) A heart rate over 150 bpm set by the SA node
D) The presence of an absent P wave with normal ventricular function

B) An abnormal ventricular response to irregular atrial contractions with a heart rate over 120 bpm

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is characterized by which heart rate?

A) Less than 60 bpm
B) 120-150 bpm
C) Greater than 150 bpm
D) Between 100-120 bpm

C) Greater than 150 bpm

In supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), which node is responsible for setting the heart rate?

A) AV node
B) Purkinje fibers
C) SA node
D) Bundle of His

C) SA node

What feature is typically absent in supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)? A) P wave B) QRS complex C) T wave D) Atrial contraction

C) T wave

What is the key difference between AFib with RVR and SVT in terms of heart rate? A) AFib with RVR has a heart rate >120 bpm, while SVT has a heart rate >150 bpm. B) AFib with RVR is set by the SA node, while SVT is not. C) AFib with RVR has an absent P wave, while SVT has an absent T wave. D) SVT originates from the ventricles, while AFib with RVR originates from the atria.

A) AFib with RVR has a heart rate >120 bpm, while SVT has a heart rate >150 bpm.

What is the defining feature of ventricular tachycardia (VTach)? A) Narrow QRS complex with regular rhythm B) Wide QRS complex tachycardia with absent P waves C) Irregular atrial contractions with a rapid ventricular response D) Absent QRS complex with multiple PVCs

B) Wide QRS complex tachycardia with absent P waves

Which of the following arrhythmias is characterized by a wide QRS complex and absent P waves? A) Atrial Fibrillation B) Ventricular Tachycardia (VTach) C) Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) D) Junctional Rhythm

B) Ventricular Tachycardia (VTach)

Torsades de Pointes is a specific type of which arrhythmia? A) Atrial Flutter B) Ventricular Fibrillation C) Ventricular Tachycardia (VTach) D) Sinus Tachycardia

C) Ventricular Tachycardia (VTach)

What is the key characteristic of Torsades de Pointes? A) Rapid atrial contractions with irregular ventricular response B) Wide QRS complex with no P waves and a rotating electrical axis C) Narrow QRS complex with absent T wave D) Multiple PVCs occurring simultaneously

B) Wide QRS complex with no P waves and a rotating electrical axis

What electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with Torsades de Pointes? A) Hyperkalemia B) Hypocalcemia C) Hypomagnesemia D) Hypernatremia

C) Hypomagnesemia

What is the key characteristic of ventricular fibrillation (VFib)? A) Consistent ventricular contractions with irregular atrial activity B) Ventricles quiver inconsistently with no true contraction C) Regular, organized electrical activity in the ventricles D) Slow, steady heart rate with reduced cardiac output

B) Ventricles quiver inconsistently with no true contraction

What is the most serious consequence of ventricular fibrillation (VFib)? A) Slowed heart rate B) Decreased cardiac irritability C) Rapid loss of cardiac output (CO) D) Increased blood pressure

C) Rapid loss of cardiac output (CO)

What does asystole indicate about the state of the heart? A) The heart is fibrillating without organized contraction. B) There is still weak electrical activity in the heart. C) The heart has completely stopped (dead), with no electrical activity or contraction. D) The atria are contracting but the ventricles are not.

C) The heart has completely stopped (dead), with no electrical activity or contraction.

Which arrhyythmia can be treated via the Valsalva maneuver?

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) stimulates vagus nerve