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Cardio > Ecg > Flashcards

Ecg Flashcards

1
Q

Normal QRS axis between

A

-30 and +100

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2
Q

Upright in I and aVF?

A

Axis is between 0 and +90 so the axis is in the normal range

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3
Q

Upright in I and II?

A

Axis is between -30 and +60 so the axis is in the normal range

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4
Q

QRS complex normally predominantly negative in ____ and positive in _____

A

Negative in V1 and positive V6

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5
Q

Isoeletric transition point usually

A

V3 or V4

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6
Q

Normal PR interval

A

120-200 ms (3 to 5 small boxes)

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7
Q

Normal interval for QRS

A

Less than 80 ms (2 small boxes or less)

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8
Q

QT normal interval

A

~400 ms

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9
Q

Q waves are large than one small box wide or deep except for aVR

A

False; except for aVR it is smaller

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10
Q

Left ventricular hypertrophy shows an ___________:

  1. Amplitude of S- wave in _____ plus R wave in _______ > 35mm (7 big boxes)

Or

  1. Amplitude of R wave in ______ >11mm

Or

  1. Amplitude of R-wave in _____ > 15mm
A

Increased QRS amplitude:

  1. Amplitude os S wave in V1 plus R wave in V5 or V6 > 35 mm
  2. Amplitude of R-wave in aVL > 11 mm
  3. Amplitude of R wave in I > 15 mm
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11
Q

Left ventricular hypertrophy is caused by

A
  1. Systemic HTN
  2. Aortic valve stenosis
  3. Hypetrophic cardiomyopathy (an enlargement of LV not explained by blood pressure or aortic valve disease)
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12
Q

The ______ is the reference for ST analysis

A

Isoelectric line

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13
Q

ST segment below the isoelectric line

A

ST depression maybe due to a MI, left ventricular hypertrophy

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14
Q

ST segment above the isoelectric line

A

ST elevation

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15
Q

ST elevation

  1. Dynamic
  2. Stable
A
  1. Dynamic: evolving over hours to days due to acute MI or pericarditis
  2. Stable: not changing over months to years— LV aneurysms, LBBB
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16
Q

QR interval is usually

A

Less than half the R-R interval

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17
Q

T wave inversions in leads expected to have an

A

Upright T- waves

  • can indicate a recent bout of MI or NSTEMI
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18
Q

Sinus pause or sinus arrest

A

If >3 sec of no P, QRS and T wave present

  • consider pacemaker
19
Q

First degree AV block

A

Where a PR interval >200ms

There is a one:one relationship with p:QRS

20
Q

Second degree Mobitz I AV block

A

Progressive increase PR then non-conducted

  • non-conducted p wave
21
Q

Second degree Mobitz II AV block

A

Fixed PR interval than non-conducted

  • non-conducted P wave
22
Q

Third degree AV block narrow complex

A

Complete heart block with narrow QRS complex high AV node escape rhythm

23
Q

Third degree AV block with wide QRS

A

Complete heart block with escape rhythm from ventricle

24
Q

Bradycardia

A

Sinus pauses

25
Q

sinus bradycardia is HR less than

26
Q

sinus tachycardia is HR more than

27
Q

atrial bigeminy

A

alternating axis of the p waves always before a narrow QRS

28
Q

ventricular bigeminy

A

alternating narrow QRS and wide QRS complex

29
Q

PAC

A

atrial premature beat where there is narrow QRS complex reseting the SA node

  • preceded by a P wave
30
Q

PVC

A

ventricular premature beat showing a wide QRS complex that has no effect on SA node

  • no p wave
31
Q

what are the treatments used in supraventricular tachyarrhythmies

A

therapies that slow conduction through the AV node

32
Q

reentrant atrial arrhythmia created by wave circumnavigating a physical structure such as tricuspid valve annulus

A

atrial flutter

33
Q

reentrant arrhythmia contained within the AV node

34
Q

treatments for AVNRT

A

transient block of AV node using either vagal maneuvers or adenosine

35
Q

produces SVT caused by a macro-reentrant arrhythmia with conduction down AV node and up bypass tract

36
Q

wide complex tachycardia with similar QRS morphology and axis

  • reentry arrhytmia from one area of ventricle: often prior MI scar
A

monomorphic VT

37
Q

wide complex tachycardia with variable QRS morphology

  • caused by acute ischemia, medications that prolong QT interval
A

polymorphic VT

-sometimes called torsades de pointes

38
Q

difference between monomorphic VT vs SVT with aberrancy

A

monomorphic VT: AV dissociation while SVT with Aberrancy has an no AV association

39
Q

chaotic arrhythmia caused by simultaneous ventricular waves; complete loss of effective mechanical heart function

A

VT: hemodynamically stable

VF: always hemodynamically unstable

40
Q

sinus rhythm

A

activation of the heart by sinus node

  • shows a P, QRS, T complex
41
Q

Bardyarrhythmias

A
  1. SA dysfunction

2. AV blocks (I, II and III)

42
Q

tachyarrhythmias

A
  1. afib
  2. aflutter
  3. AVNRT
  4. ANRT
  5. VT
  6. Vfib
43
Q

palpitations a sign of a

A

tachyarrhythmia

Cardio (26 decks)

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