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Cardio > Cardiac Cycle > Flashcards

Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary wedge pressure

A

Indicator of left atrial pressure

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2
Q

Ventricular contraction and ejection of blood

A

Systole

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3
Q

Ventricular relaxation and filling with blood

A

Diastole

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4
Q

Wiggers diagram part a = atrial systole:

  1. Triggered by
  2. Small pressure rise as
  3. Tops of ventricle- already ______ full of blood
A
  1. Triggered by P wave
  2. Small pressure rise as atrium squeezes blood into ventricle
  3. Tops off ventricle- already 90-95% full of blood
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5
Q

Wiggers diagram part b-c= isovolumetric contraction:

  1. Triggered by
  2. Mitral valve _______ creating the
  3. Aortic valve is ________
  4. Pressure
  5. Volume is ______
  6. Aortic pressure is ________
A
  1. Triggered by GRS complex
  2. Mitral valve closes— creates the c wave atrium
  3. Aortic valve is closed
  4. Pressure rises rapidly
  5. Volume is constant
  6. Aortic pressure is ~ 80 mmH
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6
Q

Wiggers diagram= part c: opening of aortic valve

  1. Ventricular pressure ________ aortic
  2. Begins _______ phase
  3. Ejection is initially
  4. Aortic pressure _______
A
  1. Ventricular pressure exceeds aortic
  2. Begins ejection phase
  3. Ejection initially rapid
  4. Aortic pressure rises
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7
Q

Wiggers diagram- part d: reduction in ejection rate

  1. Ventricle approaches the end of _______— _____ wave occurring
  2. Outward flow declines as kinetic energy of blood ______
  3. Ventricular and aortic pressures begin to _______
A
  1. Ventricle approaches the end of contraction — T wave occurring
  2. Outward flow declines as kinetic energy of blood decreases
  3. Ventricular and aortic pressures begin to fall
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8
Q

Wiggers diagram= part e-f:isovolumetric relaxation

  1. forward movement of blood reverses ______ aortic valve
  2. Incisura (dichroic notch) indicates
  3. Ventricular pressure
  4. Atrial pressure ______ as venous inflow fills the atrium
  5. Aortic pressure ________ as ejected blood drains away from heart
A
  1. Forward movement of blood reverses, closing aortic valve
  2. Incisura indicated aortic valve closure
  3. Ventricular pressure falls
  4. Atrial pressure rises as venous inflow fills the atrium
  5. Aortic pressure falls as ejected blood drains away from heart
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9
Q

Wiggers diagram= part f: opening of mitral valve

  1. Begins ________ of ventricle from accumulated blood in atrium
  2. Rapid filling followed by _______ filling from pulmonary veins
A
  1. Begins rapid filling of ventricle from accumulated blood in atrium
  2. Rapid filling followed by reduced filling from pulmonary veins
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10
Q

Ventricular systole begins when the mitral valve ______ and ends when the aortic valve ________

A

Mitral valve closes and aortic valve closes

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11
Q

Atrial systole fills the ventricular to the

A

End diastolic volume (EDV)

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12
Q

Volume stays constant during ____________, then _______ as blood is ejected into the aorta

A

Volume stays constant during isovolumetric contraction, then decreases as blood is ejected into the aorta

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13
Q

At the end of ejection, the volume remaining in the ventricle is the

A

End systolic volume (ESV)

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14
Q

EDV- ESV =

A

Stroke volume

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15
Q

Closure of mitral (and tricuspid) valves with the sudden rise in ventricular pressure causes turbulence of blood ventricles

A

S1

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16
Q

Closure of aortic and pulmonic valves causes vibrations of blood in the high pressures vessels

A

S2

17
Q

During rapid filling in some individuals- normal in children— Kentucky

A

S3

18
Q

Vibration of ventricular walls during atrial systole in some individuals— Tennessee

A

S4

19
Q

Murmurs (4)

A
  1. Stenosis- partial obstruction of flow
  2. Regurgitation- regurgitate flow across and incompetent valve
  3. Ventricular septal defect- abn shunting of blood from one vascular chamber to another lower pressure chamber
  4. High flow rate associated with anemia- increased flow through normal structures
20
Q

Systolic (ejection) murmurs

A
  1. Aortic or pulmonic stenosis
21
Q

Pansystolic murmurs

A
  1. Regurgitate flow through incompetent mitral or tricuspid valve
  2. From left to right ventricle through a ventricular septal defect
22
Q

Diastolic murmurs

A
  1. Regurgitate flow through incompetent aortic or pulmonic valve
  2. Mitral or tricuspid stenosis
23
Q

Continuous murmurs— heard throughout the cardiac cycle

A
  1. Patent ductus arteriosus— pressure gradient between aorta and pulmonary artery persists in both systole and diastole
24
Q

Right ventricle develops pressure of only

A

25/0-4

25
Q

Pulmonary arterial blood pressures are

A

25/10

26
Q

Gives the maximal pressure that can be developed under any given left ventricular volume

A

ESPVR curve

27
Q

Duration of systole is about _____ of the cycle while diastole is ____

A

Systole- 1/3 and diastole is 2/3

28
Q

Emptying occurs at ____ pressures while filling is mostly _______ pressure

A

Emptying occurs at high pressure while filling is mostly passive at low pressure

29
Q

Systemic and pulmonary blood flow are equal although SVs can vary from beat to beat

A

True

30
Q

Volume and pressures do not change in exercise or disease

A

FALSE

31
Q

All valves are _______ during isovolumetric contraction and relaxation

A

Closed

32
Q

Events that occur almost simultaneously with onset of systole:

A
  1. GRS complex
  2. S1
  3. C wave
  4. Closure of mitral valve
  5. Rise in ventricular pressure
33
Q

Events that occur almost simultaneously with onset of diastole

A
  1. S2
  2. Closure of aortic valve
  3. Incisura
  4. Drop in ventricular pressure
34
Q

Heart pumps its stroke volume in the time between

A

S1 and S2

35
Q

pressure volume loops:

phases:

a
b
c
d

A

a-ventricular filling from ESV when mitral valve opens to EDV at its closing

b- isovolumetric contraction

c- ejection of SV from when the aortic valve opens until it closes

d- isovolumetric relaxation

36
Q

left ventricular pressure is plotted against left ventricular volume during a single cardiac cycel

A

pressure-volume loops

37
Q

the width of the loop in a pressure- volume loop is the difference between EDV and ESV

A

SV

38
Q

the are within a pressure-volume loop is the ________- the work done by the ventricle to eject a volume of blood into the aorta

A

ventricular stroke work

Cardio (26 decks)

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