Arrhythmia

Question 1

Bradyarrhytmia

Answer 1

Syncope or near syncope

• slow heart rate reduces CO and can cause loss of blood flow to the brain

Question 2

Tachyarrhythmia

Answer 2

• palpitations

- faster the heart beat the shorter the time there is during diastole to allow the ventricle to fill before contraction

Question 3

Faster heart rates ____ stoke volume causing CO to _____

Answer 3

Faster heart rates lower stroke volume causing CO to fall

Question 4

Loss of consciousness

Answer 4

Reduced cerebral perfusion causes the patient to pass out

Question 5

Loss of postural tone

Answer 5

Paraspinal muscles stop working so patient will collapse to the ground

Question 6

Differential diagnosis for syncope

Answer 6

1. Vasovagal syncope
2. Low preload
3. Low afterload
4. Low stroke volume

Question 7

Vasovagal syncope

Answer 7

Both a vascular disorder and heart rate problem triggered by high vagus nerve activity

Question 8

Cardiac arrhythmia

Answer 8

Usually extreme bradycardia or tachycardia with loss of consciousness

Question 9

Cardio version

Answer 9

Convert an abnormal rhythm into a normal rhythm

Question 10

Electric cardioversion

Answer 10

Electrical shock is delivered to the chest causing the heart to depolarize which terminates the abnormal rhythm and allows the normal rhythm to be restored

Question 11

Chemical cardioversion

Answer 11

Anti-arrhythmia medication to convert an abnormal rhythm to a normal rhythm

Question 12

Defibrillation

Answer 12

Uses a unsynchronized shock and it is to treat ventricular fibrillation

Question 13

Beta adrenergic receptor agonists

Answer 13

Speed up heart rate

Question 14

Beta adrenergic receptor antagonists

Answer 14

Slow down the heart rate

Question 15

Sympathetic nervous system causes the rate of spontaneous depolarization to be more _____ resulting in more frequent pacemaker rapid depolarization and tachycardia

Answer 15

Rapid

Question 16

Vegan nerve stimulation ____ the heart

Answer 16

Slows

Question 17

Muscarininc acethycholine receptor antagonist

Answer 17

Can increase the heart rate

Question 18

spontaneous slow depolarization during phase

Answer 18

4 of the monophasic AP in pacemakers

Question 19

atrium at the atrio-ventricular junction becomes the pacemaker

• p wave with opposite axis

Answer 19

ectopic atrial rhythm

Question 20

AV node becomes the pacemaker

• narrow QRS not preceded by a p wave

Answer 20

junctional rhythm

Question 21

ventricle becomes the pacemaker

• wide QRS not preceded by p wave

Answer 21

ventricular rhythm

Question 22

cardiomyocyte is excitable only during phase

Answer 22

4

Question 23

(2) causes of fibrosis and scarring of he heart tissue producing a conduction block

Answer 23

1. lenegre-lev disesase

2. advanced age

Question 24

Lyme carditis will affect the

Answer 24

AV node

Question 25

spontaneous depolarization of cardiomyocytes during phase III

Answer 25

early after depolarization

Question 26

EADs can be caused by

Answer 26

1. medications that prolong repolarizations
2. ischemia that disrupts nl. ion channel function
3. genetic abn. like brugada syndrome

Question 27

Phase IV depolarizations abn.

Answer 27

delayed after depolarization

Question 28

DADs caused by

Answer 28

digoxin toxicity

Question 29

treatment of reentry (4)

Answer 29

1. prolong repolarizations - K+CB
2. slow depolarization- CCB
3. external electrical cardioversion
4. ablation