Cardiovascular Tumors

Question 1

Vascular neoplasms arise from either the _______ or cells that _________

Answer 1

Either the endothelium or cells that support or surround blood vessels

Question 2

Tumors usually are composed of vascular channels filled with blood cells or lymph that are lined by a mono layer of normal-appearing endothelial cells

Answer 2

Benign

Question 3

Tumors are more cellular , show cytology atypical, are proliferative, and usually do not form well-organized vessels

Answer 3

Malignant

Question 4

hemangiomas

1. Prevalence
2. Presence and progression
3. Refereed as
4. What are they
5. Explain histo

Answer 4

1. Very common, 7% of all benign tumors of infancy and childhood
2. Present at birth with some increase in size but most of them regress spontaneously
3. Juvenile hemangiomas, strawberry type
4. Tumors composed of blood-filled vessels
5. Localized lesions confined to the head and neck, occasionally may be more extensive (angiomatosis) and can involve internal organs

Question 5

Progenic granulomas

1. What is it
2. Microscopically resemble
3. Common symptoms
4. Develop after
5. Curative

Answer 5

1. Capillary hemangiomas that manifest as rapidly growing red peduncuolated lesions on the skin, gingival or oral mucosa
2. Microscopically resemble exuberant granulation tissue
3. They bleed easily and often ulcerated
4. Roughly one fourth of the lesions develop after trauma
5. Curettage and cautery usually are curative

Question 6

Cavernous hemangiomas

1. Composed of
2. Invitation and progression
3. Treatment
4. Clinical significance
5. Histology
6. Component of what disease

Answer 6

1. Composed of large,dilated vascular channels
2. Infiltration of deep structures and do no spontaneously regress
3. Locally destructive and thus surgical excision is required
4. Little clinical significance, but they can be cosmetically troublesome and are vulnerable to traumatic ulceration and bleeding
5. Mass is sharply defined but unencapsulated and is composed of large blood filled vascular spaces separated by connective tissue stroma
6. Component of von Hippel-Lindsay disease - with vascular tumors in the cerebellum, brain stem, retina, pancreas and liver

Question 7

Kaposi sarcoma

1. Grade
2. What is it
3. Caused by
4. Most common in pt. With
5. 4 forms

Answer 7

1. Intermediate grade
2. Vascular neoplasm
3. Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (HHV-8)
4. Most common in patients with AIDS
5. I. Classic KS.
   II. Endemic African KS
   III. Transplantation- associated KS
   IV. AIDS associated epidemic KS

Question 8

Classic KS

1. Disorder of
2. Common or uncommon
3. Associated with
4. Manifestation
5. Prognosis

Answer 8

1. Disorder of older men of Mediterranean descendent
2. Uncommon in US
3. Associated with malignancy or altered immunity but not with HIV infection
4. Manifestation- multiple red purple skin plaques or nodules, usually on distal lower extremities
5. Asymptomatic and remain localized to the skin and subcutaneous tissue

Question 9

Endemic African KS

1. Occurrence
2. Course
3. Common
4. Manifestation
5. Prognosis

Answer 9

1. Occurs in younger pt.
2. HIV-seronegative pt. Follow an indolent or aggressive course
3. Most common tumor in central Africa
4. Prominent myth nodes and visceral involvement in severe form
5. Prognosis is poor

Question 10

I’d difference to classic KS what is different in endemic African KS?

Answer 10

Involvement of lymph nodes

Question 11

Transplantation- associated KS

1. Occurs in
2. Course
3. What may be absent
4. Progression

Answer 11

1. Occurs in solid organ transplant recipients in the setting of T-cell immunosuppression
2. Course is aggressive and often involves lymph nodes, mucosa and viscera
3. Cutaneous lesions may be absent
4. Lesions often regress with attenuation of immunosuppression but there is risk of organ rejection

Question 12

AIDS associated epidemic KS

1. Prevalence
2. associated with
3. Progression

Answer 12

1. Most common HIV related malignancy
2. Associated with lymph nodes and disseminates widely to viscera early in its course
3. Most pt. Dies of opportunistic infections rather than from KS

Question 13

Shows dermal or internal organ accumulations of dilated, irregular, not well-formed vascular channels with extravasated erythrocytes, hemosiderin-laden Macrophages and other inflammatory cells

Answer 13

Kaposi sarcoma

Question 14

Angiosarcoma

1. Grade
2. Lesions occur at
3. Course
4. Progression
5. Arise in the setting of
6. Can also be induced by
7. Hepatic angiosarcomas are associated with

Answer 14

1. Malignant
2. Lesions can occur at any site, but most often involve the skin, soft tissue, breast and liver.
3. Aggressive tumors that invade locally and metastasize
4. 5yr survival rate is 30%
5. arise in the setting of lymphedema
6. Induced by radiation and rarely associated with long term in dwelling foreign bodies
7. Hepatic angiosarcomas are associated with certain carcinogens such as arsenic or pesticides

Question 15

Many different degrees of differentiation; from plump, atypical endothelial cells lining vascular channels to undifferentiated spindles tumors with no obvious vascular channels

Answer 15

Angiosarcommas

Hard to differentiated from other malignancies

Question 16

Cardiac tumors

1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Clinical signs and symptoms

Answer 16

1. Primary- uncommon and mostly are benign
2. Secondary- metastatic much more common than primary
3. (A) embolization
   (B) obstruction
   (C) interference with heart valves
   (D) direct invasion
   (E) pericardial effusion
   (F) constitutional or systemic symptoms

Question 17

Myxomas

1. Grade
2. Population
3. Affects what part of the heart
4. Manifestation
5. Diagnostic modality
6. Treatment

Answer 17

1. Benign
2. Common primary tumor of adult heart
3. Atrial with left atrium to be 80%
4. Valvular “ball-valve” obstruction, embolization or constitutional signs
5. Echo
6. Surgical resection is curative

Question 18

Composed of Stella the of globular myxomatosis cells within abundant acid mucopolysaccharide ground substance

Answer 18

Myxomas

Question 19

Papillary fibroelastomas

1. Grade
2. Which population
3. Appearance
4. Where in the heart
5. common clinical presentation
6. approx. 30% are

Answer 19

1. Benign
2. Second most common in adults- male, older
3. Compared to sea anemones with frond-like mars emanating from stalked central core
4. Found on the heart valves usually on he left side
5. stroke, TMI, MI, suddne death, HF
6. only 30% are asymptomatic and dx. incidentally

Question 20

show projections covered by endotheium surrounding a core of myxoid CT with leastic fibers and mycopolyssacaride matrix

Answer 20

papillary fibroelastomas

Question 21

Rhabdomyomas :

1. frequent in
2. discovered through
3. occurs with high frequency with pt. that have
4. progression
5. considered to be _____ rather than true neoplasms

Answer 21

1. frequent in primary tumors of the hearts in infants and children
2. discovered owing to valvular or outflow obstruction
3. occurs with high frequency in patients with tuberous sclerosis
4. regress spontaneously
5. hamartomas

Question 22

composed of large, izarre myoctes with abundant cytoplasams, the so called “spider cells”. these cells show strands from the nucleus to the cytoplasmic membrane giving them the appearance of a spider nucleus

Answer 22

rhabdomyomas

Question 23

Sarcomas:

1. grade
2. incidence
3. most frequently described
4. types/ origin
5. pathalogic consequences

Answer 23

1. malignant
2. most common; 20-40 times more common than primary tumors
3. most frequently described: angiosarcomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, fibrosarcomas, leimyosarcomas
4. most frequent types of tumors originate from: lung and breast, melanomas and leukemias and lymphomas