EBM II

Question 1

two groups, split by exposure to disease outcome, cannot comput risk because irrelevant, can manipulate the number of subjects in the two groups, used to calculate odds ration, measures probability and an even occurence bs the probability of no event occurence

Answer 1

case control study

Question 2

outcome A - exposure A/B or outcome B exposure A/B

Answer 2

case control calculations

Question 3

odds that a case had been exposed to the risk factor/odds that a control had been exposred to the risk factor, interpreted as among the people in case control study an injured child was 5 times likely to have been exposed to high surgar instead of low sugar

Answer 3

odds ratio

Question 4

need to review the mathetmatics behind these questions

Question 5

risk can be computed for randomized control trials and cohort studies but not for case control studies, odds can be computed for case control studies ***

Answer 5

summary

Question 6

testable and predictve statement that there is a certain relationship or differnece between populations regarding some parameter

Answer 6

hypothesis testing

Question 7

states that there is a difference or relationship between groups but doesn’t specifc the direcdtion, there is a difference between the remdesivir and placebo treatments in shortneing the time to recovery in hisoitaplizes COVID9 patients with lower respiratory infections

Answer 7

nondirectional research hypothesis

Question 8

two sided, one sided, fail to reject the null or rejection of the null, null states that there is no difference between the two groups

Answer 8

null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis

Question 9

area to the right of the test statistic, probability of getting a value of the test statistic that it as least as extreme as one representing the sample data asssuming that the null hypothesis is true

Answer 9

p value

Question 10

threshold for the p value, if below findings are significant, commonly 0.05, 0.01, and 0.10, represented by alpha

Answer 10

statistical significance

Question 11

reject the null hypothesis when there is no differnece between the two groups and the null hypothesis true

Answer 11

type I error

Question 12

fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false, therefore the difference is real and you missed it, probability of a type II error is beta

Answer 12

type II error

Question 13

fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false, therefore the difference is real and you missed it, probability of a type II error is beta

Answer 13

type II error

Question 14

for any fixed type I error alopha, an increase in the sample size n will cause a decrease in type II error B

Answer 14

controlling type I and type II errors

Question 15

probability 1-B of rejecting false null hypothesis

Answer 15

power of a hypothesis test

Question 16

if a type I error alpha decreases, what happens?

Answer 16

figure it out

Question 17

this lecture requires review of the material in it with pen and paper

Question 18

estimating the population mean U with the sample mean xbar, post estimation, it takes a single ***, it gives us a range of values which are likely to contain the population mean, the interval is called a confidence interval

Answer 18

inferential statistics about the mean of one population, confidence interval

Question 19

if repeateed samples were taken and the 9% confidence interval wsacomputed for each sample ***

Answer 19

interpretation of confidence interval