5. Intro to Antibacterial Agents

Question 1

Bacilli, cocci, rods

Answer 1

size and shape of bacteria

Question 2

organism dies

Answer 2

bactericidal

Question 3

organism dies

Answer 3

bactericidal

Question 4

organism’s growth inhibited

Answer 4

bacteriostatic

Question 5

type of drug exerting effect on multiple species of organisms

Answer 5

narrow spectrum

Question 6

type of drug primarily effective on gram + organisms but also effective on gram -

Answer 6

extended spectrum

Question 7

type of drug covering gram + and -

Answer 7

broad spectrum

Question 8

treatment in absence of infection

Answer 8

prophylactic

Question 9

treatment of high risk patients that are infected but asymptomatic

Answer 9

pre-emptive

Question 10

treatment of symptomatic patient with or without further testing or confirmation of the organism

Answer 10

empirical therapy

Question 11

treatment once the pathogenic organism has been identified and appropriate drug identified

Answer 11

definitive

Question 12

low dose therapy used as secondary prophylaxis

Answer 12

suppressive therapy

Question 13

reduced drug entry into the organism, specific gene mutation changing membrane change

Answer 13

daptomycin

Question 14

resistance by efflux pump

Answer 14

tetracycline

Question 15

resistance by alteration in rdxA gene which changes enzymes activating the prodrug

Answer 15

metronidazole

Question 16

aminoglycoside modifying enzymes chemically modify it altering binding to target

Answer 16

aminoglycosides/streptomycin

Question 17

expression of B-lactamase hydrolyzing lactam ring

Answer 17

penicillins

Question 18

expression of drug-insensitive enzymes impairing binding to initial target

Answer 18

trimethoprim and sulfonamide

Question 19

substitution of the peptidoglycan stem developing new or different pathway drug cannot affect

Answer 19

vancomycin

Question 20

reduce dose of agents eliminated by the kidney, risk of drug accumulation

Answer 20

renal disease

Question 21

reduce dose or avoid agents that are metabolized and eliminated by the liver

Answer 21

hepatic disease

Question 22

all antibiotics cross the placenta so consider teratogenesis when selecting therapeutic agents

Answer 22

pregnancy

Question 23

may cause toxicity in the infant via breast milk

Answer 23

lactation

Question 24

higher doses and longer treatment regiments will likely be needed for immunocompromised patients

Answer 24

immunocompromised patients

Question 25

geriatric patients and infants may have decreased renal function and underdeveloped detoxification mechanisms respectively

Answer 25

age