Eating Disorders (Textbook)

Question 1

other types of eating disorders (aside from ones mentioned in class)

Answer 1

• Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) -> most commonly diagnosed
• Night-eating syndrome: waking up at night, eating, then feeling upset about it in the morning
• Purging disorder: form of bulimia involving vomiting/laxative use at least once a week

Question 2

over-evaluation of appearance

Answer 2

linking self-esteem and self-evaluation with thinness

Question 3

fat talk

Answer 3

• tendency for female friends to take turns disparaging their bodies to each other
• reflects defensive and negative sense of self
• typically done by people high in social comparison evaluation (judging themselves in relation to others)

Question 4

bulimia nervosa

Answer 4

• often begins in late adolescence-early adulthood

- diagnostic crossover common -> many people with BN go on to develop AN (and vice versa)

Question 5

etiology of eating disorders

Answer 5

• biological: genetic risk, body weight, appetite regulation, energy metabolism (direct factors); temperament, impulsivity, neurobiology (indirect)
• psychological: poor body image, maladaptive eating attitudes and beliefs about shape/weight, overevaluation of appearance (direct), inadequate coping, self-regulation problems, identity issues, etc. (indirect)
• developmental: identifying with body-concerned others, aversive mealtime experiences, body trauma (direct), rejection, criticism, trauma (indirect)
• social factors: maladaptive family attitudes to eating/weight, pressure to control weight, peer group weight concerns, etc. (direct), negative peer experiences, lack of support, isolation, rise of cosmetic surgeries, etc. (indirect)

Question 6

The Scarlett O’Hara Effect

Answer 6

eating very lightly to project femininity

Question 7

thinspiration effect

Answer 7

looking at idealized body types and feeling more encouraged to lose weight

Question 8

psychodynamic views of eating disorder causes

Answer 8

• disturbed parent-child relationships
• low self-esteem and perfectionism
• fills a need (ex. feeling more effective or not growing up -> never having “adult” body)

Question 9

family systems theory of eating disorders

Answer 9

• Families of children with eating disorders display the following characteristics:
• • Enmeshment: extreme parental over-involvement
• • Overprotectiveness (extreme)
• • Rigidity: maintaining status quo, not dealing effectively with change
• • Lack of conflict resolution: chronic conflict

Question 10

personality and eating disorders

Answer 10

• bi-directional -> can influence eating disorders but can also be influenced by them
• 6 personality factors linked with eating disorders: voidance motivation, lower extroversion and self-directedness, neuroticism, perfectionism, and sensitivity to social rewards

Question 11

Hewitt and Flett Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale

Answer 11

• assesses self-oriented perfectionism (setting high standards for oneself), other-oriented perfectionism (setting high standards for others), and socially prescribed perfectionism (the perception that high standards are imposed on the self by others)
• people with eating disorders are high in self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism

Question 12

perfectionistic self-presentation

Answer 12

• trying to create an image of perfection; being highly focused on minimizing the mistakes you make in front of other people
• dominated by focus on self-image goals
• elevated amongst eating disorder clients

Question 13

strategies for prevention of eating disorders

Answer 13

school peer support groups