Eating & Digestion

Question 1

Why do we eat?

Answer 1

obtain energy, acquire nutrients, pleasure

Question 2

What is homeostasis?

Answer 2

internal equilibrium of a biological system

Question 3

What are set points?

Answer 3

reference points that biological systems rely on, maintained by homeostasis

Question 4

Why we eat is determined by what?

Answer 4

biological regulatory mechanisms, complex cultural and psychological factors

Question 5

What happens to the excess glucose we eat?

Answer 5

stored in the liver as glycogen or in fat as adipose tissue

Question 6

What happens to the excess fat that we eat?

Answer 6

stored in adipose tissue also causes release of CCK

Question 7

What does cholecystokinin do?

Answer 7

stimulates the digestion of fats and protein

Question 8

What are some external cues for us to eat?

Answer 8

time of day (breakfast time), sensory cues (smell/sight of food), social setting (dinner date)

Question 9

What is satiety?

Answer 9

feeling full (food)

Question 10

What helps with satiety?

Answer 10

taste, chewing, swallowing, distention

Question 11

What is distension of the stomach? What does it do?

Answer 11

stomach being full (signalled by CN X, vaugs)

stops release of ghrelin

Question 12

What does ghrelin do?

Answer 12

released when stomach is empty, stimulates food intake, fat deposition, and growht hormone release

Question 13

What is the primary source of energy for the brain?

Answer 13

glucose

Question 14

What is glucagon?

Answer 14

hormone that changes glycogen to glucose

Question 15

How are glucagon levels affected by fasting?

Answer 15

increased

Question 16

What is the function of insulin?

Answer 16

helps store glucose as glycogen, helps move glucose from the blood into body cells

Question 17

When do insulin levels increase/decrease?

Answer 17

increase after a meal, and decrease after fasting

Question 18

What is leptin?

Answer 18

produced by fat cells, signals the brain about the level of fat reserves

Question 19

What BMI is considered normal?

Answer 19

18.5-24.9

Question 20

What is anorexia nervosa?

Answer 20

low body weight, extreme fear of being fat, obsessive about food, excessive physcial activity

Question 21

What is bulimia nervosa?

Answer 21

binging episodes where they eat a lot of food and then purging where they throw up or use laxatives to get rid of the calories

Question 22

What is binge eating disroder?

Answer 22

have binges which are out of control episodes where they eat a lot beyond feeling full, no purgin