Eating & Digestion Flashcards
Why do we eat?
obtain energy, acquire nutrients, pleasure
What is homeostasis?
internal equilibrium of a biological system
What are set points?
reference points that biological systems rely on, maintained by homeostasis
Why we eat is determined by what?
biological regulatory mechanisms, complex cultural and psychological factors
What happens to the excess glucose we eat?
stored in the liver as glycogen or in fat as adipose tissue
What happens to the excess fat that we eat?
stored in adipose tissue also causes release of CCK
What does cholecystokinin do?
stimulates the digestion of fats and protein
What are some external cues for us to eat?
time of day (breakfast time), sensory cues (smell/sight of food), social setting (dinner date)
What is satiety?
feeling full (food)
What helps with satiety?
taste, chewing, swallowing, distention
What is distension of the stomach? What does it do?
stomach being full (signalled by CN X, vaugs)
stops release of ghrelin
What does ghrelin do?
released when stomach is empty, stimulates food intake, fat deposition, and growht hormone release
What is the primary source of energy for the brain?
glucose
What is glucagon?
hormone that changes glycogen to glucose
How are glucagon levels affected by fasting?
increased
What is the function of insulin?
helps store glucose as glycogen, helps move glucose from the blood into body cells
When do insulin levels increase/decrease?
increase after a meal, and decrease after fasting
What is leptin?
produced by fat cells, signals the brain about the level of fat reserves
What BMI is considered normal?
18.5-24.9
What is anorexia nervosa?
low body weight, extreme fear of being fat, obsessive about food, excessive physcial activity
What is bulimia nervosa?
binging episodes where they eat a lot of food and then purging where they throw up or use laxatives to get rid of the calories
What is binge eating disroder?
have binges which are out of control episodes where they eat a lot beyond feeling full, no purgin
