Brain Development Flashcards
What is the perspective that structural changes are correlated with developmental changes?
“first in” (early develop) exhibit function sooner, “last in” (late develop) are evolutionary newer, “last in, first out” means that the last structures to mature are the first to degrade with aging
What is the perspective that behaviour can be predicted by underlying changes in circuitry?
Observe unfolding of behaviours and compare to trajectories of brain change (piaget and growth spurts)
What is the perspective that there are factors that are correlated with brain and behaviour changes?
these factors could be hormones, early environment, traumatic experiences, substance use, they shape our development
What are the 3 prenatal stages?
zygote, embryo, fetus
What is the time frame for the prenatal stages?
zygote: fertilization-2 weeks
embryo: 2-8 weeks
fetus:9-birth
What is the first stage of neurobiological development?
cell birth
neurogenesis is moslty done by 25 weeks (except hippocampus)
gliogenesis is ongoing throughout adulthood
What is the second stage of neurobiological development?
neural migration
starts 6 weeks after neurogenesis, mostly done by 29 weeks (not hippocapus), supported by glial cells/chemical signalling
What is the third stage of neurobiological development?
cell differentiation
there are genetic instructions, cellular singlas and also timing help decide what differentiates into what
What is the fourth stage of neurobiological development?
neural maturation
dendrite develop (dendritic arborization, first 2 years, dendritic spines, after birth)
axons develop faster than dendrites
What are growth cones?
the growing tip of axon that responds to chemical messengers
What is an example of a chemoattractive vs chemorepulsive tropic molecules?
netrins vs semphorins
What is the fifth stage of neurobiological development?
synaptic development
they are extensive by 7th month and develop rapidly after birth, shaped by experience
What is the sixth stage of neurobiological development?
cell death and synpatic pruning
fine tuning of neural connections, through apoptosis (programmed cell death) and elimination of non well integrated synapses
leads to cortical thinning and ability of brain to adapt to environments
What is the seventh stage of neurobiological development?
myelogenesis
glial cells continue to develop + differentiatie, axons also become myelinated
