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geography > earth forces > Flashcards

earth forces Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the names of the four different layers of the earth

A

the crust, mantle, outer core and inner core

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2
Q

what is the temperature of the inner core

A

5,200 degrees Celsius

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3
Q

what is the temperature of the outer core

A

between 4,500 degrees Celsius and 5,000 degrees Celsius

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4
Q

what is the temperature of the mantle

A

between 1,000 degrees Celsius and 3,700 degrees Celsius

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5
Q

what is the temperature of the crust

A

200 degrees Celsius to 400 degrees Celsius

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6
Q

what is the consistency of the crust

A

it is rocky and rigid

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7
Q

what is the consistency of the mantle

A

mostly solid rock

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8
Q

what is the consistency of the outer core

A

liquid iron and nickel

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9
Q

what is the consistency of the inner core

A

molten metal

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10
Q

what is the thickness of the inner core

A

1,200 km

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11
Q

what thickness is the outer core

A

2,300 km

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12
Q

what thickness is the mantle

A

2,900 km

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13
Q

what is the thickness of the continental crust

A

70 km

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14
Q

what is the thickness of the oceanic crust

A

5-10 km

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15
Q

what is the oceanic crust made out of

A

basalt

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16
Q

what is the continetial crust made out of

A

granite

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17
Q

what are the large slabs of crust called that make up the earths crust

A

tectonic plates

18
Q

what are the name of the major tectonic plates

A

African, Antarctic, Eurasian, Indo-Australian, North American, Pacific and South American

19
Q

what is the process that move the tectonic plates

A

convection

20
Q

what is the difference between lava and magma

A

magma is the termed used for molten rock underground and lava is the term used for molten rock breaking through the earths surface

21
Q

what happens at constructive plate boundaries

A

the two plate move away from each other pulling apart the earths crust making a pathway for molten hot magma to flow to the surface and sometimes volcanos are formed from this

22
Q

what is an example of a constructive plate boundary

A

the Eurasian plate and the north American

23
Q

what happens at a destructive plate boundary

A

When two plate push against each other the oceanic plate gets pushed underneath the continental plate the point where this happens is called the subduction zone. This plate boundaries can cause earthquakes from friction and volcanoes from part of the melted plate due to the friction becoming magma and rising up through the earths crust

24
Q

what is an example of a destructive plate boundary

A

The Nazca plate and the south American plate

25
Q

what happens at a conservative plate boundary

A

when the two tectonic plates move past each other at different speeds as these plates move friction occurs and the two plates get stuck and build up pressure and once the small rocks on the edge of each plate break away the friction that was building up explode sand sends out an earthquake.

26
Q

what is an example of a conservative plate boundary

A

the pacific plate boundary and the south American plat boundary

27
Q

what happens at a collision plate boundary

A

when two tectonic plates an neither sink below the other in a destructive plate boundary they push against each other to form mountains and send out earthquake

28
Q

what is an example of a collision plate boundary

A

Indo-Australian plate and Eurasian plate

29
Q

what was the super continent that existed 200 million years ago called

A

Pangea

30
Q

Where are earthquakes most likely to happen

A

along a fault line and on destructive plate boundaries

31
Q

what is the focus of the earthquake

A

the point in the crust where the rock gives way

32
Q

what is the Epicenter

A

The epicenter is the starting point in the earthquake directly above the focus

33
Q

what measures the vibrations from an earthquake

A

a seisometer

34
Q

what is the intensity of an earthquake measured on

A

the Richter scale

35
Q

what happens on each interval of the Richter scale

A

Each increase of one unit on the scale represents a 10-fold increase in the magnitude of an earthquake

36
Q

What is the term for the amount of energy an earthquake releases

A

magnitude

37
Q

when did the Bio-Bio earthquake in Chile happen

A

27th of February 2010 at 3:34 am

38
Q

why did the earthquake happen in Bio-Bio

A

because it was on a destructive plate boundary

39
Q

what effects did the earthquake have on the people in Bio-Bio

A

400,000 homes were particularly affected 500 casualties with 150 of them being from the tsunami

40
Q

what effects did the earthquake of on the environment in Bio-Bio

A

a tsunami wrecked a lot of the coastal land and the water was contaminated as the sewage plant had burst during the earthquake and leaked into the river

41
Q

what short term aid could be provided to the people of Bio-Bio

A

first aid to help the injured to recover and a search crew to look for people hidden under rubble

42
Q

what long-term aid could be provided to help in Bio-Bio

A

build a tsunami wall decontaminate the water and build better structured house in the city

geography (3 decks)

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