Early Presidents Flashcards
In this Supreme Court Case (1803), Chief Justice Marshall established the power of Judicial Review, which states the Supreme Court has the power to interpret the Constitution and declare laws “unconstitutional”
Marbury vs. Madison
Special interest groups hire these people to influence legislation passed by Congress. For example, powerful business groups that use their money to influence these laws that the federal government makes. Also a part of the “unwritten Constitution”
Lobbying
Raise money through taxes, create a national bank, promote protective tariffs, plan to get the country’s finances in order and create a stable currency
Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Plan
In this Supreme Court Case, the decision upheld the United States’ government ability to have a National Bank. The impact is that the Federal Government has supremacy over states (limits states’ rights)
McCulloch vs. Maryland
Speech that said the United States should avoid permanent alliances and said that the country should remain NEUTRAL in foreign affairs
George Washington’s Farewell Address
Items not explicitly stated in our Constitution but that have become permanent facets of our government. For example, Cabinet, political parties, judicial review
Unwritten Constitution
Supreme Court Judge under John Adams and Thomas Jefferson who increased the power of the federal government
John Marshall
The Constitution did not specifically state the President could purchase the land. He had to use a loose/broad interpretation (you can do anything as long as the constitution doesn’t say you can’t do it)
Thomas Jefferson’s Constitutional Interpretation to buy the Louisiana Purchase
U.S. doubled in size, US gained control of New Orleans and Mississippi, increased trade along the Mississippi River, Great Plains (resources fueled industrialization)
Advantages of the Louisiana Purchase
Authorized President to arrest and deport immigrants who criticized the government
Alien Act
Made it a crime for citizens to publicly discredit the federal government
Sedition Act
3 French Officials demanded a bribe in order to meet with US officials. Adams then breaks off negotiations.
XYZ Affair
Farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton’s taxes on whiskey. Washington commanded an army to stop the riots, leading to several federal officers were killed. This proved the new Constitution was effective in stopping events such as this, whereas the Articles were too weak to stop Shays Rebellion.
Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
TJ and Madison argued that states should have the right to nullification, which would allow individual states to to decide if a federal law was unconstitutional.
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Regulating interstate commerce (trade) is a power reserved to the federal government
Gibbons vs. Ogden
