Civil War & Reconstruction Flashcards
Movement to end slavery
Abolitionist Movement
It was a series of escape routes running from the South to the North helping slaves escape to freedom.
Underground Railroad
He was born a slave & escaped when he was a young man. He became an abolitionist & gave speeches describing what freedom meant to him. He started a newspaper called the North Star.
Fredrick Douglas
After a dispute over whether Texas belonged to the U.S. or Mexico, A Mexican force attacked American troops, in May 1846 starting this war.
Mexican-American War
The land Mexico lost to the U.S. b/w Texas & the Pacific coast. It included the present day states of California, Nevada, Utah, parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado & Wyoming. In return the US paid Mexico $15 million in cash.
Mexican Cession
Nebraska Act- Compromises to settle conflicts over admission of new states
Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850 & Kansas
Invented by Eli Whitney, it removed the seeds from cotton but also increased the demand for slavery & led to the removal of Indians from their land.
Cotton Gin
He led a slave rebellion in where 60 slaves attacked & killed 55 white people. In fear of more slave revolts, Southern States began to pass harsh slave laws.
Nat Turner
When people are MORE loyal to their local region (section) than they are to their nation
Sectionalism
Elected in 1860, said he did not support the extension of slavery into western territories but main goal at the start of the Civil War 1861-1865 was to PRESERVE THE UNION!
Abraham Lincoln
He Restricted individual rights FOR EXAMPLE: restricted freedom of the press,suspended writ of Habeas Corpus,Declared martial law (military rule)
Lincolns Powers Expanded During Civil War
This act encouraged settlement of the west (the Great Plains)Must live on the land for 5 years, build a house on the land & make improvements
Homestead Act
What was Abraham Lincoln’s goal at the beginning of the Civil War?
“preserve the Union”Keep the country together
Only freed Slaves in the states that were still in rebellion against the U.S.
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln’s speech that honored soldiers who died in battle and fought for the North to keep the country together. Part of speech quoted former president Thomas Jefferson who was from the South and believed in states’ rights
Gettysburg Address
Increased power of the Federal government
Secession was no longer an option for states (We are a union of people, not states)
RESULTS of the Civil War
Abolishes slavery in U.S.
13th Amendment
All persons born in the U.S. are citizens of the U.S.
14th Amendment
Cannot take away someone’s right to vote based on race or previous servitude
15th Amendment
African-Americans can be forced to use different facilities as long as facilities are provided”separate but equal” is equal,Impact? Jim Crow segregation in south upheld
Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896)
State and local laws designed to create and enforce segregation in the South (Jim Crow not an actual person but a derogatory name for a poor Black American farmer)
Jim Crow laws
Farming system that kept former slaves economically dependent on whites. Most common in the South after the Civil war.
Sharecropping
Many southern states required voters to pay a tax to vote
Poll Taxes
Many southern states required voters to pass a test showing one could read, write and know facts about the History and Government of the United States
Literacy Tests
