11th Grade U.S. History Midterm Review

Question 1

Established a representative gov’t that was an example copied by the rest of the colonies

Answer 1

House of Burgesses (1619)

Question 2

A document which made steps towards self-gov’t in America

Answer 2

Mayflower Compact

Question 3

Laws that benefitted ONLY England for purposes of trade: all trade had to been done in English boats

Answer 3

Navigation Acts

Question 4

economic system, colonies exist to benefit the mother country

Answer 4

Mercantilism

Question 5

Thomas Paine write it to persuade Americans to break away from Britain & declare independence

Answer 5

Common Sense Pamphlet

Question 6

According to Paine, WHO gives the government the right to rule?

Answer 6

The People

Question 7

It was the 1st attempt to get colonies to unite.
It failed because colonies feared losing their individual power.

Answer 7

The Albany Plan of Union

Question 8

-States the reasons for the American Revolution
-“Break up” letter to Britain, it lists grievances (complaints) America has towards the King
-IT IS NOT A PLAN OF GOVERNMENT!!

Answer 8

Declaration of Independence

Question 9

Life, Liberty & the Pursuit of Happiness

Answer 9

Natural Rights

Question 10

It is governments job to protect the NATURAL rights of the people and the people in turn agree to be governed

Answer 10

Social Contract Theory

Question 11

-States had too much power
-No chief executive
-Only 1 branch of gov’t
(Congress had no power to tax)

Answer 11

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

Question 12

Amend/Change Articles of Confederation

Answer 12

Constitutional Convention of 1787

Question 13

A 2 house (bicameral legislature) created

House of Representatives ●Senate
#based on population ●Each state gets 2

Answer 13

The Great Compromise

Question 14

For every 5 slaves owned, 3 would be counted for determining that states total population which determines that states number of representatives in the House of Representatives.

Answer 14

3/5 Compromise

Question 15

Framers of the Constitution DID NOT TRUST the common man to elect the president. Each stated provided w/electoral votes (# of House of rep members+2 senators)→electors choose the president.

Answer 15

Electoral College

Question 16

They believed in strong central gov’t, supported ratification of the Constitution

Answer 16

Federalists

Question 17

They wanted to limit power of gov’t, wanted a Bill of rights added to Constitution

Answer 17

Anti-federalists

Question 18

Newspaper articles written to persuade people to ratify (approve) the Constitution

Answer 18

Federalist Papers (1787-1788)

Question 19

-Protect individual rights
-Limit the power of the government
Examples1st: Freedom of speech, press, religion
4th: gov’t must have a warrant to search & seize—limits power of the government

Answer 19

Bill of Rights

Question 20

-Divided power equally into 3 separate equal branches
-prevents 1 branch becomes too powerful

Answer 20

Separation of powers

Question 21

-Interprets the laws
●Chief Justice presides over impeachment trial of the president
●can settle disputes involving the U.S.
●can settle disputes between the states

Answer 21

Judicial Branch

Question 22

William Marbury did not receive his job appointment as a judge which outgoing president John Adams had appointed him to. He sued James Madison for not delivering his job appointment. The new incoming president Thomas Jefferson ordered Madison not to. The Supreme Court ruled that Marbury didn’t have the right to sue Madison and a previous law that would have allowed him to do so was now null and void. Thus establishing the principal of judicial review giving the supreme court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.

Answer 22

Marbury V Madison

Question 23

Supreme court can declare laws “unconstitutional” as a result of Marbury vs. Madison (Chief Justice John Marshall)

Answer 23

Judicial Review

Question 24

-Makes the Laws
-Congress declares war
-Can override a presidents veto w/a 2/3 vote

Answer 24

Legislative Branch

Question 25

-Carries Out Laws Examples of other Powers: Commander-in-chief of military Chief Diplomat (represent U.S. in foreign affairs Negotiate Treaties (Senate approves) Nominate Supreme Court Justices

Answer 25

Executive Branch

Question 26

Divided power equally into 3 separate equal branches prevents 1 branch becomes too powerful (avoid tyranny)

Answer 26

Checks and Balances

Question 27

A division of powers between federal and state governments

Answer 27

Federalism

Question 28

-Change the Constitution/allow the Constitution to meet the changing needs of society Allows Constitution to be FLEXIBLE 1st 10 Amendments are the BILL OF RIGHTS 1st—Freedom of Speech, press, religion, assemble, petition 4th—gov't needs a warrant (limits gov'ts power) 13th—Abolishes Slavery 19th—Women get the right to vote

Answer 28

Amendment

Question 29

People elect representatives to serve as their voice in gov't

Answer 29

Republican Government

Question 30

Speech that said the U.S. should avoid permanent alliances and said the U.S. should stay NEUTRAL

Answer 30

George Washington's Farewell Address

Question 31

Items not written in our constitution but that have become permanent facets of our government. For example:Cabinet, judicial review, political parties

Answer 31

Unwritten Constitution

Question 32

Supreme Court Judge under John Adams and Thomas Jefferson who increased the power of the federal government.

Answer 32

John Marshall

Question 33

The constitution did not specifically state the President could purchase the land. He had to use a loose/broad interpretation (you can do anything as long as the constitution doesn't say you can't do it)

Answer 33

Thomas Jefferson's Constitutional Interpretation to buy LP

Question 34

US doubled in size US gained control of: New Orleans & Mississippi (↑ trade) Great Plains (resources fueled industrialization

Answer 34

Advantages of the Louisiana Purchase

Question 35

Maryland taxed the Second Bank of The U.S. The Supreme Court ruled that Congress had implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution to create the Second Bank of the United States and that the state of Maryland DID NOT HAVE the power to tax the Bank. This case established two important principles: First, the Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution's powers, in order to create a functional national government. Second, state action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government.

Answer 35

McCulloch V. Maryland 1819

Question 36

Thomas Gibbons' steamboats were licensed by a federal statute and he operated them between New York and New Jersey. Aaron Ogden was granted a monopoly by the state of New York to operate steamboats between New York and New Jersey. Gibbons' actions violated this monopoly. Ogden obtained injunctive relief against Gibbons from a New York court. This was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

Answer 36

Gibbons V. Ogden 1824

Question 37

US told Europe to stay out Of the Western Hemisphere US will remain Neutral & Isolated and won't Interfere in Europe

Answer 37

Monroe Doctrine

Question 38

Women should remain at home as homemakers

Answer 38

Cult of Domesticity

Question 39

Convention where both women & men met to discuss how women could go about obtaining equal rights in the U.S.

Answer 39

Seneca Falls (1848)

Question 40

Speech written and spoken by Elizabeth Cady Stanton who claimed that "all men AND WOMEN" are created equal. Changing up the wording from the Declaration of Independence, she argued that women were citizens of the U.S. and therefore entitled to the same rights as men.

Answer 40

Declaration of Sentiments

Question 41

Susan B. Anthony voted in Rochester, NY in the 1872 presidential election of Ulysses S. Grant & Horace Greeley. Her lawyer argued that under the 14th amendment that she was born in the country, thus a citizen and their fore had the right to vote. Under NYS law it was illegal for women to vote. The Supreme Court found her guilty and ordered her to pay a $100 fine. She never paid the fine and the court never forced her to do so. The larger significance is that it brought the women's rights movement in the United States to a forefront and more people joined the mvmt advocating for women's right to vote.

Answer 41

Susan B. Anthony V. U.S. (1872)

Question 42

Samuel Worcester was a missionary who sought to Christianize and help Native Americans keep their lands in Georgia. He was arrested for being on the reservation without a state permit. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Worcester arguing that he was falsely arrested because the Cherokee Indians are a sovereign (self-ruling) nation and can determine who comes onto the reservation not the state of Georgia. The larger significance is that Andrew Jackson ignored the courts ruling which would have allowed the Cherokees to remain on their land being a sovereign nation. Instead Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act which led to the relocation of Indians West of the Mississippi River and subsequent Trail of Tears.

Answer 42

Worcester V. Georgia (1832)

Question 43

Compromises to settle conflicts over admission of new states

Answer 43

Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850 & Kansas-Nebraska Act

Question 44

When people are MORE loyal to their local region (section) than they are to their nation

Answer 44

Sectionalism

Question 45

Elected in 1860, said he did not support the extension of slavery into western territories but main goal at the start of the Civil War 1861-1865 was to PRESERVE THE UNION!

Answer 45

Abraham Lincoln

Question 46

Dred Scott sued his owner who took him to the free territory of Wisconsin arguing that he should receive his freedom as a result. The slave owners defense was that when he traveled he brought his luggage, clothing & horse thus comparing his slave to property. The Supreme Court agreed ruling in favor of Sanford & further reinforcing that Dred Scott did not have the right to sue his owner bc he was not a citizen; they ruled he was property. It was a victory for the slave states of the south who viewed the ruling as the permanent allowance of slavery in this country. The North was outraged with the Supreme Courts decision arguing it went against the values of freedom and justice for all as stated in the constitution. The decision of this court case furthered tore the nation apart thus becoming a major cause for the civil war.

Answer 46

Dred Scott V. Sanford (1857)

Question 47

He Restricted individual rights FOR EXAMPLE: restricted freedom of the press suspended writ of Habeas Corpus Declared martial law (military rule)

Answer 47

Lincolns Powers Expanded During Civil War

Question 48

Increased power of the Federal government Secession was no longer an option for states (We are a union of people, not states)

Answer 48

RESULTS of the Civil War

Question 49

Abolishes slavery in U.S.

Answer 49

13th Amendment

Question 50

All persons born in the U.S. are citizens of the U.S.

Answer 50

14th Amendment

Question 51

Cannot take away someone's right to vote based on race or color

Answer 51

15th Amendment

Question 52

State and local laws designed to create and enforce segregation in the South (Jim Crow not an actual person but a derogatory name for a poor Black American farmer)

Answer 52

Jim Crow laws

Question 53

-Farming system that kept former slaves economically dependent on whites. -Most common in the South after the Civil war.

Answer 53

Sharecropping

Question 54

Homer Plessy sat in the whites only section on a railroad to test whether the newly enacted 13th and 14th amendments would apply to him. The conductor in New Orleans, Louisiana told him to sit in the "coloreds only" section. He argued that bc he was free and a citizen he should be able to sit where he wants. The Supreme Court ruled that as long as public facilities were "separate but equal" this was legal. Plessy was allowed to ride the train but only in the "colored section." Thus segregation was established throughout the South separating white and black people in public places such as bathrooms, water fountains, restaurants, schools, movies, and churches.

Answer 54

Plessy V. Ferguson (1896)

Question 55

Many southern states required voters to pay a tax to vote

Answer 55

Poll Taxes

Question 56

Many southern states required voters to pass a test showing one could read, write and know facts about the History and Government of the United States

Answer 56

Literacy Tests

Question 57

If your grandfather could vote you could vote automatically—Result: Most Af/Am's in South descendants were not able to vote prior to 1867

Answer 57

Grandfather Clause

Question 58

Founded in 1866 by A group of ex-confederate soldiers it extended into almost every southern state by 1870 and became a vehicle for white southern resistance to the Republican Party's Reconstruction-era policies aimed at establishing political and economic equality for blacks. Its members waged an underground campaign of intimidation and violence directed at white and black Republican leaders. burning crosses and staging rallies, parades and marches denouncing immigrants, Catholics, Jews, blacks and organized labor. They orchestrated bombings of black schools and churches and violence against black and white activists in the South. They were considered a domestic terrorist group.

Answer 58

Ku Klux Klan

Question 59

A vast (huge) grassy plains

Answer 59

Great Plains

Question 60

Desire to acquire all land from Atlantic to Pacific Oceans

Answer 60

Manifest Destiny

Question 61

Encouraged settlement of west (Great Plains), must live on land for 5 years, Build a house on the land & make improvements

Answer 61

Homestead Act

Question 62

A group of share holders that invest capital ($ to start a business)

Answer 62

Corporation

Question 63

A company that Dominates/controls an industry Goal? ELIMINATE COMPETITION

Answer 63

Monopoly

Question 64

Business people who use their wealth to improve society (philanthropy) Andrew Carnegie

Answer 64

Captains of Industry

Question 65

Business people who uses unfair business tactics to eliminates competitors John D. Rockefeller

Answer 65

Robber Barons

Question 66

Formed in the late 1800's due to working Long hours (12-14), unsafe working conditions, HUGE gap between rich & poor. They wanted better wages and working conditions.

Answer 66

Labor Unions

Question 67

From southern & eastern parts of Europe Discriminated against because they were ethnically & culturally different from previous generations of immigrants Lived in urban ghettos, had low paying jobs

Answer 67

New Immigrants

Question 68

Discrimination & hostility towards immigrants

Answer 68

Nativism

Question 69

Encourage Native Americans to assimilate (adopt) American culture

Answer 69

Dawes Act (1887)

Question 70

Electricity, Telegraph, expansion & improvement of Railroads.

Answer 70

New Technology Developed during Industrial Revolution 1865-1900