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11th Grade U.S. History > 11th Grade U.S. History Midterm Review > Flashcards

11th Grade U.S. History Midterm Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Established a representative gov’t that was an example copied by the rest of the colonies

A

House of Burgesses (1619)

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2
Q

A document which made steps towards self-gov’t in America

A

Mayflower Compact

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3
Q

Laws that benefitted ONLY England for purposes of trade: all trade had to been done in English boats

A

Navigation Acts

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4
Q

economic system, colonies exist to benefit the mother country

A

Mercantilism

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5
Q

Thomas Paine write it to persuade Americans to break away from Britain & declare independence

A

Common Sense Pamphlet

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6
Q

According to Paine, WHO gives the government the right to rule?

A

The People

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7
Q

It was the 1st attempt to get colonies to unite.
It failed because colonies feared losing their individual power.

A

The Albany Plan of Union

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8
Q

-States the reasons for the American Revolution
-“Break up” letter to Britain, it lists grievances (complaints) America has towards the King
-IT IS NOT A PLAN OF GOVERNMENT!!

A

Declaration of Independence

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9
Q

Life, Liberty & the Pursuit of Happiness

A

Natural Rights

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10
Q

It is governments job to protect the NATURAL rights of the people and the people in turn agree to be governed

A

Social Contract Theory

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11
Q

-States had too much power
-No chief executive
-Only 1 branch of gov’t
(Congress had no power to tax)

A

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

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12
Q

Amend/Change Articles of Confederation

A

Constitutional Convention of 1787

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13
Q

A 2 house (bicameral legislature) created

House of Representatives ●Senate
#based on population ●Each state gets 2

A

The Great Compromise

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14
Q

For every 5 slaves owned, 3 would be counted for determining that states total population which determines that states number of representatives in the House of Representatives.

A

3/5 Compromise

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15
Q

Framers of the Constitution DID NOT TRUST the common man to elect the president. Each stated provided w/electoral votes (# of House of rep members+2 senators)→electors choose the president.

A

Electoral College

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16
Q

They believed in strong central gov’t, supported ratification of the Constitution

A

Federalists

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17
Q

They wanted to limit power of gov’t, wanted a Bill of rights added to Constitution

A

Anti-federalists

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18
Q

Newspaper articles written to persuade people to ratify (approve) the Constitution

A

Federalist Papers (1787-1788)

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19
Q

-Protect individual rights
-Limit the power of the government
Examples1st: Freedom of speech, press, religion
4th: gov’t must have a warrant to search & seize—limits power of the government

A

Bill of Rights

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20
Q

-Divided power equally into 3 separate equal branches
-prevents 1 branch becomes too powerful

A

Separation of powers

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21
Q

-Interprets the laws
●Chief Justice presides over impeachment trial of the president
●can settle disputes involving the U.S.
●can settle disputes between the states

A

Judicial Branch

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22
Q

William Marbury did not receive his job appointment as a judge which outgoing president John Adams had appointed him to. He sued James Madison for not delivering his job appointment. The new incoming president Thomas Jefferson ordered Madison not to. The Supreme Court ruled that Marbury didn’t have the right to sue Madison and a previous law that would have allowed him to do so was now null and void. Thus establishing the principal of judicial review giving the supreme court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.

A

Marbury V Madison

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23
Q

Supreme court can declare laws “unconstitutional” as a result of Marbury vs. Madison (Chief Justice John Marshall)

A

Judicial Review

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24
Q

-Makes the Laws
-Congress declares war
-Can override a presidents veto w/a 2/3 vote

A

Legislative Branch

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25
Q

-Carries Out Laws
Examples of other Powers:
Commander-in-chief of military
Chief Diplomat (represent U.S. in foreign affairs
Negotiate Treaties (Senate approves)
Nominate Supreme Court Justices

A

Executive Branch

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26
Q

Divided power equally into 3 separate equal branches
prevents 1 branch becomes too powerful
(avoid tyranny)

A

Checks and Balances

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27
Q

A division of powers between federal and state governments

A

Federalism

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28
Q

-Change the Constitution/allow the Constitution to meet the changing needs of society
Allows Constitution to be FLEXIBLE
1st 10 Amendments are the BILL OF RIGHTS
1st—Freedom of Speech, press, religion, assemble, petition
4th—gov’t needs a warrant (limits gov’ts power)
13th—Abolishes Slavery
19th—Women get the right to vote

A

Amendment

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29
Q

People elect representatives to serve as their voice in gov’t

A

Republican Government

30
Q

Speech that said the U.S. should avoid permanent alliances and said the U.S. should stay NEUTRAL

A

George Washington’s Farewell Address

31
Q

Items not written in our constitution but that have become permanent facets of our government. For example:Cabinet, judicial review, political parties

A

Unwritten Constitution

32
Q

Supreme Court Judge under John Adams and Thomas Jefferson who increased the power of the federal government.

A

John Marshall

33
Q

The constitution did not specifically state the President could purchase the land. He had to use a loose/broad interpretation (you can do anything as long as the constitution doesn’t say you can’t do it)

A

Thomas Jefferson’s Constitutional Interpretation to buy LP

34
Q

US doubled in size
US gained control of:
New Orleans & Mississippi (↑ trade)
Great Plains (resources fueled industrialization

A

Advantages of the Louisiana Purchase

35
Q

Maryland taxed the Second Bank of The U.S. The Supreme Court ruled that Congress had implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution to create the Second Bank of the United States and that the state of Maryland DID NOT HAVE the power to tax the Bank. This case established two important principles: First, the Constitution grants to Congress implied powers for implementing the Constitution’s powers, in order to create a functional national government. Second, state action may not impede valid constitutional exercises of power by the Federal government.

A

McCulloch V. Maryland 1819

36
Q

Thomas Gibbons’ steamboats were licensed by a federal statute and he operated them between New York and New Jersey. Aaron Ogden was granted a monopoly by the state of New York to operate steamboats between New York and New Jersey. Gibbons’ actions violated this monopoly. Ogden obtained injunctive relief against Gibbons from a New York court. This was a landmark decision in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to Congress by the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

A

Gibbons V. Ogden 1824

37
Q

US told Europe to stay out
Of the Western Hemisphere

US will remain Neutral &
Isolated and won’t
Interfere in Europe

A

Monroe Doctrine

38
Q

Women should remain at home as homemakers

A

Cult of Domesticity

39
Q

Convention where both women & men met to discuss how women could go about obtaining equal rights in the U.S.

A

Seneca Falls (1848)

40
Q

Speech written and spoken by Elizabeth Cady Stanton who claimed that “all men AND WOMEN” are created equal. Changing up the wording from the Declaration of Independence, she argued that women were citizens of the U.S. and therefore entitled to the same rights as men.

A

Declaration of Sentiments

41
Q

Susan B. Anthony voted in Rochester, NY in the 1872 presidential election of Ulysses S. Grant & Horace Greeley. Her lawyer argued that under the 14th amendment that she was born in the country, thus a citizen and their fore had the right to vote. Under NYS law it was illegal for women to vote. The Supreme Court found her guilty and ordered her to pay a $100 fine. She never paid the fine and the court never forced her to do so. The larger significance is that it brought the women’s rights movement in the United States to a forefront and more people joined the mvmt advocating for women’s right to vote.

A

Susan B. Anthony V. U.S. (1872)

42
Q

Samuel Worcester was a missionary who sought to Christianize and help Native Americans keep their lands in Georgia. He was arrested for being on the reservation without a state permit. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Worcester arguing that he was falsely arrested because the Cherokee Indians are a sovereign (self-ruling) nation and can determine who comes onto the reservation not the state of Georgia. The larger significance is that Andrew Jackson ignored the courts ruling which would have allowed the Cherokees to remain on their land being a sovereign nation. Instead Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act which led to the relocation of Indians West of the Mississippi River and subsequent Trail of Tears.

A

Worcester V. Georgia (1832)

43
Q

Compromises to settle conflicts over admission of new states

A

Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850 & Kansas-Nebraska Act

44
Q

When people are MORE loyal to their local region (section) than they are to their nation

A

Sectionalism

45
Q

Elected in 1860, said he did not support the extension of slavery into western territories but main goal at the start of the Civil War 1861-1865 was to PRESERVE THE UNION!

A

Abraham Lincoln

46
Q

Dred Scott sued his owner who took him to the free territory of Wisconsin arguing that he should receive his freedom as a result. The slave owners defense was that when he traveled he brought his luggage, clothing & horse thus comparing his slave to property. The Supreme Court agreed ruling in favor of Sanford & further reinforcing that Dred Scott did not have the right to sue his owner bc he was not a citizen; they ruled he was property. It was a victory for the slave states of the south who viewed the ruling as the permanent allowance of slavery in this country. The North was outraged with the Supreme Courts decision arguing it went against the values of freedom and justice for all as stated in the constitution. The decision of this court case furthered tore the nation apart thus becoming a major cause for the civil war.

A

Dred Scott V. Sanford (1857)

47
Q

He Restricted individual rights
FOR EXAMPLE:
restricted freedom of the press
suspended writ of Habeas Corpus
Declared martial law (military rule)

A

Lincolns Powers Expanded During Civil War

48
Q

Increased power of the Federal government
Secession was no longer an option for states (We are a union of people, not states)

A

RESULTS of the Civil War

49
Q

Abolishes slavery in U.S.

A

13th Amendment

50
Q

All persons born in the U.S. are citizens of the U.S.

A

14th Amendment

51
Q

Cannot take away someone’s right to vote based on race or color

A

15th Amendment

52
Q

State and local laws designed to create and enforce segregation in the South (Jim Crow not an actual person but a derogatory name for a poor Black American farmer)

A

Jim Crow laws

53
Q

-Farming system that kept former slaves economically dependent on whites.
-Most common in the South after the Civil war.

A

Sharecropping

54
Q

Homer Plessy sat in the whites only section on a railroad to test whether the newly enacted 13th and 14th amendments would apply to him. The conductor in New Orleans, Louisiana told him to sit in the “coloreds only” section. He argued that bc he was free and a citizen he should be able to sit where he wants. The Supreme Court ruled that as long as public facilities were “separate but equal” this was legal. Plessy was allowed to ride the train but only in the “colored section.” Thus segregation was established throughout the South separating white and black people in public places such as bathrooms, water fountains, restaurants, schools, movies, and churches.

A

Plessy V. Ferguson (1896)

55
Q

Many southern states required voters to pay a tax to vote

A

Poll Taxes

56
Q

Many southern states required voters to pass a test showing one could read, write and know facts about the History and Government of the United States

A

Literacy Tests

57
Q

If your grandfather could vote you could vote automatically—Result: Most Af/Am’s in South descendants were not able to vote prior to 1867

A

Grandfather Clause

58
Q

Founded in 1866 by A group of ex-confederate soldiers it extended into almost every southern state by 1870 and became a vehicle for white southern resistance to the Republican Party’s Reconstruction-era policies aimed at establishing political and economic equality for blacks. Its members waged an underground campaign of intimidation and violence directed at white and black Republican leaders. burning crosses and staging rallies, parades and marches denouncing immigrants, Catholics, Jews, blacks and organized labor. They orchestrated bombings of black schools and churches and violence against black and white activists in the South. They were considered a domestic terrorist group.

A

Ku Klux Klan

59
Q

A vast (huge) grassy plains

A

Great Plains

60
Q

Desire to acquire all land from Atlantic to Pacific Oceans

A

Manifest Destiny

61
Q

Encouraged settlement of west (Great Plains), must live on land for 5 years, Build a house on the land & make improvements

A

Homestead Act

62
Q

A group of share holders that invest capital ($ to start a business)

A

Corporation

63
Q

A company that Dominates/controls an industry
Goal? ELIMINATE COMPETITION

A

Monopoly

64
Q

Business people who use their wealth to improve society (philanthropy)
Andrew Carnegie

A

Captains of Industry

65
Q

Business people who uses unfair business tactics to eliminates competitors
John D. Rockefeller

A

Robber Barons

66
Q

Formed in the late 1800’s due to working
Long hours (12-14), unsafe working conditions, HUGE gap between rich & poor. They wanted better wages and working conditions.

A

Labor Unions

67
Q

From southern & eastern parts of Europe
Discriminated against because they were ethnically & culturally different from previous generations of immigrants
Lived in urban ghettos, had low paying jobs

A

New Immigrants

68
Q

Discrimination & hostility towards immigrants

A

Nativism

69
Q

Encourage Native Americans to assimilate (adopt) American culture

A

Dawes Act (1887)

70
Q

Electricity, Telegraph, expansion & improvement of Railroads.

A

New Technology Developed during Industrial Revolution 1865-1900

11th Grade U.S. History (12 decks)

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