Early Onset Disorders Flashcards
What is Mental Illness:
Substantial disorder of:
- Thought, mood, perception, or memory
- Which grossly impairs judgment, behavior, capacity to recognize reality, or ability to meet the ordinary demands of life
- Does not include substance abuse
List of Mental Disorder
A. Mood disorders: Depression and mania B. Psychotic disorders: Schizophrenia C. Anxiety disorders D. Adjustment disorders E. Substance use disorders F. Personality disorders G. Behavior or mood problems caused by other neurological or medical illness
Differences between adult and child/adolescent psychopathology
1.) The child is developing and changing; therefore,
pathology at one age is not pathology at another age (i.e., temper tantrums)
2.) With the adult the norm is relatively static; therefore, one must know:
The capacity for impulse control, ego, and superego
The state of interpersonal relationship
The level of drive development
Certain disorders occur at certain stages of development; for example,
one cannot see obsessive-compulsive neurosis prior to age four or five.
How are adults and children different when suffering and anxious
Children do not seek help though they may become anxious. Suffering, however, will prompt adults to seek care. The child will more often come for treatment because of discomfort on the part of the parent or community, such as the school
Stress: Autonomic Nervous System
Generic Signs and Symptoms of Stress
- Eating
- Sleep
- Activity level
- Regression
stranger anxiety
•Fear – sudden stimulation
Infant –
temper tantrums, soiling/wetting, stuttering
•Fear – animals
Toddler (1-2 1⁄2) –
intrusiveness, masturbation
•Fear – monsters, mutilation, phobias
Preschool (2 1⁄2 - 5) –
truancy, lying, stealing, learning problems
•Fear – Burglars, obsessions
School age (5 – pubescence) –
identity crisis, sexual acting out, substance abuse, delinquency
•Fear – war; death
•Adolescence –
Intellectual – Mental Retardation
Symptoms:
**3% of school age children, more common in boys than girls.
Significant sub-average on general intellectual functioning, with concurrent deficits in adaptive behavior and with onset before age 18.
Causes of Mental Retardation
Causes: Lack of stimulation, inadequate nutrition, exposure to toxins such as lead; 25% due to chromosomal abnormality (such as Down’s syndrome or fragile X) or metabolic abnormality (such as phenylketonuria); pregnancy trauma (drugs, radiation, toxemia, alcohol, infection such as German measles); infections such as encephalitis.
Developmental: Pervasive Development Disorders
Symptoms:
Distortions in timing, rate, sequence of many basic psycho- logical functions involved in the development of social skills and language.
Two types of developmental: Pervasive devo disorders
Autism
Aspergers
Signs and symptoms of Autism
Impaired nonverbal behaviors such as eye contact and gestures Failure to develop age appropriate peer relations
Lack of social reciprocity
Delay or lack of spoken language
Lack of make-believe play
Restricted stereotyped patterns of behavior
Causes: Genetics, infections
Signs and symptoms of Aspergers
Impaired social interaction
Restricted, stereotyped patterns of behavior
Treatment: Parental support, special programs
Specific Developmental Disorders (Learning Disorders) symptoms
Delay in rate of learning a specific function so that children behave as though they are passing through an earlier normal developmental stage substantially below expected for chronologic age; may be one or more in areas of arithmetic, expressive writing, reading, articulation, expressive language, receptive language, coordination.
who has Learning disorders and what is the treatment?
10% of children, more common in boys than in girls
Treatment: Remedial work
Unclassified Speech Disfluencies Symptoms: Who can have stuttering: Cause: Treatment:
Stuttering – sound and syllable repetition
3- and 4-year-olds
Developmental
Ignore; 1% persist and require speech therapy
Pattern of negativistic, hostile and defiant behavior lasting at least 6 months with the following signs – often loses temper, often argues with adults, defied or refuses to comply, deliberately annoys, blames others, resentful, spiteful, and vindictive.
Behavioral: Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Who can have oppositional defiant disorder:
Children and adolescents; boys more than girls
Causes and tx of Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Cause: Environmental (parents over-assert control)
Treatment: Parent training program, psychotherapy, social skills training, cognitive behavior therapy
Fidgety or restless, unable to sit still for a long time, always on the go, easily distracted, cannot concentrate well on work, impulsively acting before thinking, forgetting what was said or not listening, difficulty finishing work on time, often losing personal things, difficulty waiting in lines or jumping ahead of others.
Attention Deficit Disorder
How common is ADD:
About 5% of children have ADD. Many times children have other learning problems as well. Often start having problems in kinder- garten or first grade, and problems may continue for years.
Causes of ADD:
Children are born with ADD and cannot control the symptoms easily. ADD often runs in families (hereditary). It is not caused by allergies or too much sugar
