Drugs of Abuse Flashcards
Define drug abuse
Drug abuse in its broadest sense can be defined as the use of a drug in a manner that deviates from the approved medical patterns within a given society.
Decrease in response to a drug as a result of repeated treatment with that drug.
Tolerance : can be dispositional, pharmacodynamic, behavioral or cross-tolerance
Describe drug dependence
Physical - Physical symptoms are produced by drug withdrawal
Psychological - Compulsive feelings of the need to take a particular drug
What’s the difference between substance USE disorders and substance INDUCED disordres?
Substance Use Disorders
– Substance Abuse
– SubstanceDependence
Substance-Induced Disorders
– Substance Intoxication – Substance Withdrawal – Substance Induced
How are substance USE disorders classified?
By drug class
Define General Substance Use Disorder
A problematic pattern of substance use within a 12 month period manifest by two or more symptoms that cause impairment in functioning.
What are the criteria symptoms for substance use disorder
Taken in larger amounts or for longer than intended.
Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down use.
Great deal of time spent in activities necessary to obtain the substance, use the substance, or recover from it’s effects.
Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are reduced or given up because of substance use.
Craving or a strong desire or urge to use the substance.
Psychological and/or physiological dependence are not necessary for diagnosis
What are the Criteria for Cannabis Use Disorder
Problematic pattern leading to clincally significant impairment or distress seen in 12 mo period, at least 2 of following:
- Cannabis often taken in larger amounts or over longer period then intended
- Perisistant disre or unsuccesful efforts to cut down or control use
- Great amt time spent to obtain, use and recover from cannabis
- Craving or strong desire to use
- Recurrent cannabis use may result in failure to fulfill major obligations
- Continued use despite persistant or recurrent social or interpersonal probelms cause or exaccerbated by effects of cannabis
- give up certain activities bc of it
- use in situations that are physically hazardous
- continue to use even though you know you have pyschological problems exacerbated by it
- Tolerance: need more to get high or diminished effect w/ continued use
- withdrawal from use
What is the highest drug of abuse in highschoolers
Marijuanna/Hashish
synthetic marijuianna; then we see prescribed and OTCs abused
**more common in males
*12th grade >>> 8th grade
What is the potent compound in cannabis
delta 9 THC
much more potent in oils
*potency directly related to THC (cannibidiol also effects potency but doesn’t cause high)
More THC, less cannibidiol and vice versa
Cannabis is Rapidly metabolized by____ to 11-OH-∆9-THC, which is highly active in man. Then metabolized to 9-nor-COOH-THC which is inactive.
Metabolites excreted in :
liver
urine and feces. They are detectable in urine for many days.
What is the onset of aciton of cannabis and how long does it take to leave body?
Smoked it reaches brain in 15 to 30 seconds. 3-5 times more potent smoked than when ingested. Oral onset of action is about 30 min.
Metabolized and redistributed in fat. Slowly leaves body.
What is the duration of action and plasma 1/2 life of cannabis
Duration of action 1 to 6 hours
– plasma half-life - 20-50 hours; 20% remains in body after 5 days and is not detectable at 30 days
- unique distribution in brain. High densities in cerebellum hippocampus and basal ganglia. Low in hypothalamus.
Affinity for receptor correlates with psychoactive potency of cannabinoid agonists.
CB1 Receptor (endogenous lingands for this exsist!)
What is the result of activation of the CB1 receptor to THC
Negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase via Gi. Generally inhibits transmitter release.
What are endogenous agents in our bodies that bind to CB1 receptor
Anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol
What is Rimonobant
CB1 antagonist; blocks affect of THC and used for weight loss; but increases thoughts of suicide
Effects of marijuana use
- Euphoria
- Memory Impairment
- Perceptual-Motor alterations
- Cardiovascular
- Pulmonary
- Reproductive
- Psychopathological Effects
How is memory affected by THC use?
Impiar short term memory, hard to recall material learned when high