early intervention and prevention Flashcards
immunisation definition
the action of making a person or animal resistant to a particicular infectious disease or pathogen typically by vaccination
6-in-one vaccine
when?
8 weeks, 12 weeks, 16 weeks (3 doses)
diseases it protects against:
diphtheria, tetnus, polio, whooping cough, Hib and hepititis B
MenB vaccine
when?
8 weeks, 16 weeks, 1 year (3 doses)
what does it protect against:
meningococcal group B - this causes 90% of all menincoccoal in young children
rotavirus vaccine
when?
8 weeks, 12 weeks (2 doses)
what does it protect against:
rotavirus - a highly infectioius stomach bug causing diarrhoea, vomiting, and a fever
Pneumococcal vaccine (PVC)
when?
12 weeks. 1 year (2 doses)
diseases it protects against:
pneumococcal infections (can lead to pneumonia, septicaemia and meningitis)
Hib/MenC vaccine
when?
1 year (1 dose)
diseases it protects against:
meningitis and septicaemia
MMR vaccine
when?
1 year, 3 years and 4 months (2 doses)
diseases it protects against:
measles, mumps, rubella
flu vaccine
when?
yearly 2-10 years
diseases it protects against:
flu - can lead to bronchitis and pneumonia
4-in-one preschool booster
when
3 years and 4 months (1 dose)
diseases it protects against:
diphtheria, tetnus, polio, whooping cough
HPV
when?
13-14 years (1 dose)
diseases it protects against:
cervical cancer, some mouth and throat cancers
3-in-one teenage booster (DTP)
when?
14 years
diseases it protects against:
diphtheria, tetnus, polio
what is screening
screening is the term used to describe tests and assessments carried out to find out if someone has a health concern or educational barrier
breast screening
what is it trying to find out?
check the breasts for signs of cancer
how is the screening done?
the mammographer will place your breast onto the X-ray machiene. the breast will be squezed between 2 peices of plastic to keep it still while the X-rays are taken
cervical screening
what is it trying to find out?
human papillomavirus (HPV) which can cause abnormal cells on the cervix
how is the screening done?
theyll put a smooth, tube shaped tool (a speculum) into your vagina. the nurse will open the speculum so they can see your cervix. using a soft brush. theyll take a small sample of cells from your cervix
bowel screening
what is it trying to find out?
bowel cancer
how is the screening done?
a test called a faecal immunochemical test (FIC). the nurse will collect a small amount of poo and test to see if theres blood in it
antenetal screening
what is it trying to find out?
- infectious diseases (hepititis B, HIV)
- inherited conditions (sickle cell, thalassaema)
- downs syndrome
- edwards syndrome
- pataus symdrome
how is the screening done?
ultrasound scans or bloodtests, or both
newborn hearing screening
what is it trying to find out?
whether some parts of the ear respond to sound
how is the screening done?
a small soft-tipped earpeice is placed in your babys ear and gentle clicking sounds are played
Aortic aneurism screening
what is it trying to find out?
swelling in your aorta
how is the screening done?
the scanning technicial rubs gel on the mans stomach and moves a handheld scanner over the skin, the pictures are shown on a screen and the technician mesures how wide the aorts is
newborn bloodspot screening
what is it trying to find out?
to find is your baby is, or may be a genetic carrier of cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease or another red blood cell condition
how is the screening done?
a healthacre proffetional will prick your babys heel using a device that has a tiny needle and collect a few drops of blood on a special card. the card is sent away to be tested
what is a GP
a doctor that is a consultant in general practice, they treat all comon medical conditions and refer patients to hospitals and other medical services
where do they work? - withing the NHS practice trust
who do they work with? - nurses, midwives, health visitors, pharmacists
what are hospitals
they play a big role is supporting and promoting growth, development and wellbeing
they provide emergency and ongoing specialized medical treatment and are open 24/7
there is a range of depatments such as occupational health, physiotherapists, phlebotomy, cardioligy ect…
what is an occupational therapist
an occupational therapists help people of all ages overcome challenges, completing everyday tasks or activities after they’ve had an accident or a life changing disease
who do they work with? - hospitals, schools, prisons, clients from home
ante natal - post natal care
antenetal clinics - service offered during pregnancy. advice will be given advice about nutrition and diet, antenetal screenings, suplements and lifestyle choices
post natal screenings - run by health proffesionals to give advice and care after the baby is born. they monitor growth and development. they will weigh the baby regulary and give advice on diet, safety, immunisation programmes. health visitors will visit a mother and baby at home for the first 10 days
child health clinic
held in heath centers and run by health visitors and nurses. it is their role to promote health and prevent illness, particularly in children under 5
well woman clinics offer:
cervical screenings, advice on breast disease and advice on gynaecological issues
well man clinics offer:
blood pressure checks, lung function tests, hearing and vision tests, weight and hight checks
mobile breast screening
aimed at women 50 and above
during the screening, and X-ray test called a mammogram is used to tests the breasts for any signs of cancer. early detection can save lives
counselling
to help people with emotional and mental issues deal with grief after bereavement, anxiety, depression and low self esteem
teachers
provide information such as to stay healthy, such as to eat well and be physically active
- use this information to make good decisions about health
school nurse
use their clinical judgment and public health expertise to identify health needs early, dertermining risk and protective factors, and providing early interventionton prevent issues escalating
personal trainer
help people understand how their behaviour affects their health
support and motivate individuals to change harmful habbits
holistic therapists
empower clients to take an active role in their healing journey by providing education, guidance and recources to support self care practicesand lifestyle choices
eatwell guide
educates people on a healthy diet
a healthy diet improves qualityof life and wellbeing, and protects against chronic diseases
drinkaware
educates people on how much alcohol is safe to consume
- should not dring more than 14 units a week on a regular basis
it heduces alcohol harm
exersize
educates individuals on how much physical exersize they should be doing
can prevent diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and disbetes
can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety
substance misuse
prevent the misuse of controlled drugs
