ear infections Flashcards
name 2 bacterial causes of otitis externa
- pseudomonas
- S. aureus
name 2 fungal causes of otitis externa
- aspergillus
- candida
otitis externa presentation
- pain and itch in ear canal
- minimal water discharge
- on examination -> tragel tenderness, erythema and narrowing of canal
otitis externa swab indication
non-resolving cases
persistent and unilateral otitis externa = suspiction of
malignancy
mild otitis externa management
- aural care
- topical acetic acid 7 days
moderate otitis externa managment
- aural care
- topical otomize (dexamethasone, neomycin, acetic acid)
otitis externa with spreading erythema and no improvement with otomize management
oral flucloxacillin
otitis externa diabetic management
ciprofloxacin
what is otitis media
infection of the middle ear
otitis media causes
- usually viral in nature, follows on from upper respiratory tract infection due to tracking of infection up the eustachian tube
- bacterial -> strep pneumonia, H. influenzae
otitis media presentation
- young child with earache, reduced hearing and mucopurulent discharge
- fever, irritability, vomiting and poor appetite
- pain caused by bulging of the tympanic membrane which settles upon rupture, with discharge following on from rupture
otitis media management
- usually self limiting within 4 days
- rest, analgesia and fluids
otitis media antibiotic indications
- child under 2
- discharge
- bilateral infection
- multiple marked symptoms
- perforation
otitis media 1st line antibiotic
amoxicillin
otitis media 2nd line antibiotic
clarithromycin
otitis media complications
- facial nerve palsy
- intracranial abscess
- mastoiditis
- chronic infection -> contraindication for cohclear implant
mastoiditis presentation
otalgia, tender mastoid, protruding auricle, continual discharge
mastoiditis management
- IV tazocin
- possible removal of mastoid process
what can supraglottitis be a complication of
tonsillitis
supraglottitis presentation
- drooling
- severe dysphagia
- new onset stridor
supraglottis management
IV ceftriaxon
name 2 drugs that can cause tinnitus in high doses
- aspirin
- NSAIDs
