E6: The Nervous System Flashcards
A localized collection of neuron cell bodies is referred to as a ______ in the CNS and as a _______ in the PNS.
A localized collection of neuron cell bodies is referred to as a nucleus in the CNS and as a ganglion in the PNS.
______ and _____ are specifically in the central or peripheral divisions, ______ can cross the boundary between the two
nuclei and ganglia; axons
A bundle of axons is referred to as a ______ in the CNS and as a _______ in the PNS.
A bundle of axons is referred to as a tract in the CNS and as a nerve in the PNS.
Nervous tissue can also be described as _______ and ______ on the basis of its appearance in unstained tissue
Gray matter and White matter
In CNS the gray matter is where ____ are found and white matter is where _____ are found.
Nuclei; Tracts
In the PNS, _____ are basically gray matter and _____ are white matter.
Ganglia; Nerves
It is responsible for functions that result in moving skeletal muscles. Any sensory or integrative functions that result in the movement of skeletal muscle
The somatic nervous
system (SNS)
It is responsible for functions that affect cardiac or smooth muscle tissue, or that cause glands to produce their secretions
The autonomic nervous system (ANS)
TRUE OR FALSE
Autonomic functions are distributed between central and peripheral regions of the nervous system.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
The sensations that lead to autonomic functions can be the same sensations that are part of initiating somatic responses
TRUE
A special division of the nervous system that is responsible for controlling the digestive organs
Enteric nervous system
TRUE OR FALSE
Parts of the somatic nervous system overlap with the enteric
nervous system
FALSE: Parts of the autonomic nervous system overlap with the enteric nervous system
The enteric nervous system is exclusively found in the _______ because it is the nervous tissue in the organs of the digestive system
Periphery
Control thinking, planning, and movement
Frontal lobes
Interpret sensory information, such as taste, texture, and temperature
Parietal lobes
Process images from the eyes and connect them to memory
Occipital lobes
Process information from the senses of smell, taste, and sound
Temporal lobes
Maintains balance and posture by sending signals to the cerebrum to adjust muscle movements
Cerebellum
The outer layer of the brain that controls thinking, learning, memory, and sensory functions
Cerebral cortex
A small area in the center of the brain that produces hormones that regulate body temperature, heart rate, and hunger
Hypothalamus
Controls breathing, heart rate, and blood vessel diameter
Brainstem
The bottom-most part of the brain that controls breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure
Medulla oblongata
Modulates movements by integrating with the motor cortex and other areas
Basal ganglia
A small gland at the base of the brain that produces hormones
Pituitary gland
Nervous tissue contains two major cell types
- Neurons
- Glial cells
Are the cells responsible for communication through electrical signals
Neurons
Are supporting cells, maintaining the environment around the neurons.
Glial cells
It receive information from other neurons
Dendrites
It integrates the signals and starts an action potential which travels down the axon
The cell body
Many axons are insulated by a lipid-rich substance called
Myelin
TRUE OR FALSE
All neurons are myelinated
FALSE: Some neurons are not myelinated
It is a type of glial cells that provides the myelin
Oligodendrocyte
Are important for maintaining the chemical environment around the neuron and are crucial for regulating the blood-brain barrier.
Astrocytes
Are the myelinating glia in the CNS.
Oligodendrocytes
It act as phagocytes and play a role in immune surveillance.
Microglia
Are responsible for filtering the blood to produce cerebrospinal fluid, which is a circulatory fluid that performs some of the functions of blood in the brain and spinal cord because of the blood brain barrier or BBB
Ependymal cells
Are supporting cells for the neurons
Satellite cells
Produce myelin to insulate peripheral axons
Schwann cells
