E6: The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

A localized collection of neuron cell bodies is referred to as a ______ in the CNS and as a _______ in the PNS.

A

A localized collection of neuron cell bodies is referred to as a nucleus in the CNS and as a ganglion in the PNS.

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2
Q

______ and _____ are specifically in the central or peripheral divisions, ______ can cross the boundary between the two

A

nuclei and ganglia; axons

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2
Q

A bundle of axons is referred to as a ______ in the CNS and as a _______ in the PNS.

A

A bundle of axons is referred to as a tract in the CNS and as a nerve in the PNS.

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3
Q

Nervous tissue can also be described as _______ and ______ on the basis of its appearance in unstained tissue

A

Gray matter and White matter

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4
Q

In CNS the gray matter is where ____ are found and white matter is where _____ are found.

A

Nuclei; Tracts

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5
Q

In the PNS, _____ are basically gray matter and _____ are white matter.

A

Ganglia; Nerves

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6
Q

It is responsible for functions that result in moving skeletal muscles. Any sensory or integrative functions that result in the movement of skeletal muscle

A

The somatic nervous
system (SNS)

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7
Q

It is responsible for functions that affect cardiac or smooth muscle tissue, or that cause glands to produce their secretions

A

The autonomic nervous system (ANS)

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8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Autonomic functions are distributed between central and peripheral regions of the nervous system.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The sensations that lead to autonomic functions can be the same sensations that are part of initiating somatic responses

A

TRUE

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10
Q

A special division of the nervous system that is responsible for controlling the digestive organs

A

Enteric nervous system

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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Parts of the somatic nervous system overlap with the enteric
nervous system

A

FALSE: Parts of the autonomic nervous system overlap with the enteric nervous system

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12
Q

The enteric nervous system is exclusively found in the _______ because it is the nervous tissue in the organs of the digestive system

A

Periphery

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13
Q

Control thinking, planning, and movement

A

Frontal lobes

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14
Q

Interpret sensory information, such as taste, texture, and temperature

A

Parietal lobes

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15
Q

Process images from the eyes and connect them to memory

A

Occipital lobes

16
Q

Process information from the senses of smell, taste, and sound

A

Temporal lobes

17
Q

Maintains balance and posture by sending signals to the cerebrum to adjust muscle movements

A

Cerebellum

18
Q

The outer layer of the brain that controls thinking, learning, memory, and sensory functions

A

Cerebral cortex

19
Q

A small area in the center of the brain that produces hormones that regulate body temperature, heart rate, and hunger

A

Hypothalamus

20
Q

Controls breathing, heart rate, and blood vessel diameter

21
Q

The bottom-most part of the brain that controls breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure

A

Medulla oblongata

22
Q

Modulates movements by integrating with the motor cortex and other areas

A

Basal ganglia

23
Q

A small gland at the base of the brain that produces hormones

A

Pituitary gland

24
Nervous tissue contains two major cell types
1. Neurons 2. Glial cells
25
Are the cells responsible for communication through electrical signals
Neurons
26
Are supporting cells, maintaining the environment around the neurons.
Glial cells
27
It receive information from other neurons
Dendrites
28
It integrates the signals and starts an action potential which travels down the axon
The cell body
29
Many axons are insulated by a lipid-rich substance called
Myelin
30
TRUE OR FALSE **All** neurons are **myelinated**
**FALSE**: **Some neurons** are **not myelinated**
31
It is a type of glial cells that provides the myelin
Oligodendrocyte
32
Are important for maintaining the chemical environment around the neuron and are crucial for regulating the blood-brain barrier.
Astrocytes
33
Are the myelinating glia in the CNS.
Oligodendrocytes
34
It act as phagocytes and play a role in immune surveillance.
Microglia
35
Are responsible for filtering the blood to produce cerebrospinal fluid, which is a circulatory fluid that performs some of the functions of blood in the brain and spinal cord because of the blood brain barrier or BBB
Ependymal cells
36
Are supporting cells for the neurons
Satellite cells
37
Produce myelin to insulate peripheral axons
Schwann cells