E5: Skeletal and Muscular System Flashcards
Work together to enable movement
Skeletal System and Muscular Systems
Provide structural support, while muscles contract to generate force
Bones
Movements occur at joints, facilitated by muscle pairs known as
- Agonists (primary movers)
- Antagonists (opposing muscles)
It is a hard, dense connective tissue that forms most of the adult skeleton
Bone or Osseous Tissue
A semirigid form of connective tissue provides flexibility and smooth surfaces for movement
Cartilage
It includes all of the bones, cartilages, and ligaments of the body that support and
give shape to the body and body structures
Skeletal system
What are the critical function of the skeletal system
- Supporting the body
- Facilitating movement
- Protecting internal organs
- Producing blood cells
- Storing and releasing minerals and fat.
How many bones does an adults have?
206 bones
TRUE OR FALSE
Younger individuals have less numbers of bones because some bones separates during childhood and adolescence to form an adult bone.
FALSE: Younger individuals have higher numbers of bones because some bones fuse together during childhood and adolescence to form an adult bone.
TRUE OR FALSE
The primary functions of the skeleton are to provide a rigid, internal structure that can support the weight of the body against the force of gravity, and to provide a structure upon which muscles can act to produce movements of the body
TRUE
The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions
- Axial Skeleton
- Appendicular Skeleton
Forms the vertical, central axis of the body and includes all bones of the head, neck,
chest, and back. It serves to protect the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs and serves as the attachment site for muscles moving the head, neck, back, shoulder, and hip joints.
The axial skeleton
TRUE OR FALSE
The axial skeleton of the adult consists of 80 bones, including the skull, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage.
TRUE
Includes all bones of the upper and lower limbs, plus the bones that attach each limb to the axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
There are ____ bones in the appendicular skeleton of an adult
126 bones
The appendicular bones are divided into two groups:
- The bones that are located within the limbs themselves
- The girdle bones that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton
TRUE OR FALSE
The bones of the shoulder region form the pectoral girdle, which anchors the upper limb to the thoracic cage of the axial skeleton.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
The lower limb is attached to the vertebral column by the pelvic girdle.
TRUE
It is responsible for movement, posture, and stability
Muscular system
Contract in response to signals from the nervous system, producing force.
Muscle cells or Fibers
There are three types of
muscle tissue:
- Skeletal muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Smooth muscle
Work voluntarily and attach to bones via tendons, enabling locomotion.
Skeletal muscles
Found only in the heart, contracts involuntarily to pump blood.
Cardiac muscle
Present in internal organs, controls functions like digestion and blood vessel regulation.
Smooth muscle
Follows the sliding filament theory, where actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, shortening the muscle
Muscle contraction
The muscle contraction process requires ATP and calcium ions, regulated by
Neural signals
The muscular system plays a vital role in
Thermoregulation
Generate heat, helping to maintain body temperature
Muscle contractions
It is an example of involuntary muscle contractions that help regulate temperature in cold conditions.
Shivering
Are key aspects of fitness and health
Muscular endurance and strength
It integrates muscle function with the nervous system, ensuring precise and coordinated movements.
Neuromuscular system
Such as the knee-jerk reflex, demonstrate how muscles respond rapidly to stimuli without conscious thought, highlighting the efficiency of neuromuscular communication.
Reflex actions
