E4: Integumentary System Flashcards
The skin and its accessory structures make up the ________, which provides the body with overall protection
Integumentary system
It is made of multiple layers of cells and tissues, which are held to underlying structures by connective tissue
Skin
It is a superficial layer that is composed primarily of tightly pack epithelial cells
Epidermis
It is a deeper layer of skin, that is well vascularized (has numerous blood vessels) and is where several accessory structures, such as hair follicles, sweat glands, and oil glands, can be found
Dermis
It has numerous sensory, and autonomic and sympathetic nerve fibers ensuring communication to and from the brain
Dermis
It lies below the dermis, which is not technically part of the skin, but serves to connect the skin to the underlying fascia
Superficial fascia or Hypodermis
The dermis layer is mainly composed of?
- Loose connective tissues
- Areolar connective tissues
- Adipose connective tissues
The skin and accessory structures perform a variety of essential functions, such as:
- Protecting the body from invasion by microorganisms, chemicals, and other environmental factors
- Preventing dehydration
- Acting as a sensory organ
- Modulating body temperature and electrolyte balance
- Synthesizing vitamin D.
What are the important roles of hypodermis?
- Storing fats
- Forming a “cushion” over underlying structures
- Providing insulation from cold temperatures
It protects the rest of the body from the basic elements of nature such as wind, water, and UV sunlight.
It acts as protective barrier against water loss, due to the presence of layers of keratin and glycolipids in the stratum corneum.
Skin
It is the first line of defense against abrasive activity due to contact with grit, microbes, or harmful chemicals
Skin
Sweat excreted from ________ deters microbes from over-colonizing the skin surface by generating dermcidin, which has antibiotic properties.
Sweat glands
The epidermis is composed of the following layers:
- Stratum Basale
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Corneum
- Stratum Lucidum
The dermis might be considered the “_____” of the integumentary system
“Core”
derma- =
“Skin”
epi- =
“Upon” or “Over”
hypo- =
“Below”
It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat gland
Dermis
The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue, _______ and _______ , that compose an interconnected mesh of elastic and collagen fibers, produced by fibroblasts
- Superficial papillary layer
- Deep reticular layer
Also called the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia
Hypodermis
It is a layer directly below the dermis and serves to connect the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles.
It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish
Hypodermis
The hypodermis consists of _____, _____, _____, and _____, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for the skin
- Well-vascularized
- Loose
- Areolar connective tissue
- Adipose tissue
It is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis. It is primarily made of dead, keratinized cells
Hair
Strands of hair originate in an _________ of the dermis called the _______.
Epidermal penetration; Hair follicle
It is the part of the hair not anchored to the follicle, and much of this is exposed at the skin’s surface
Hair shaft
The rest of the hair, which is anchored in the _____, lies below the surface of the skin and is referred to as the ______
Follicle; Hair root
The hair root ends deep in the dermis at the hair bulb, and includes a layer of mitotically active basal cells called?
Hair matrix
The ______ surrounds the ______, which is made of connective tissue and contains blood capillaries and nerve endings from the dermis
Hair bulb; Hair papilla
It is a type of oil gland that is found all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair
Sebaceous gland
True or False
They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable
True
The fatty acids of sebum also have _______, and prevent water loss from the skin in _______.
Antibacterial properties; Low-humidity environments
It’s develop from epidermal projections into the dermis
Sweat glands
What are the two types of Swear glands?
- Eccrine glands
- Apocrine glands
A type of gland that produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation.
These glands are found all over the skin’s surface, but are especially abundant on the palms of the hand, the soles of the feet, and the forehead
Eccrine sweat gland
True or False
Eccrine sweat gland release type of sweat, released by exocytosis, is hypotonic and composed mostly of water, with some salt, antibodies, traces of metabolic waste, and dermicidin, an antimicrobial peptide
True
Are a primary component of thermoregulation in humans and thus help to maintain homeostasis
Eccrine glands
This type of gland is mostly found in the skin of the armpits, the groin, and the area around the breast nipples.
Apocrine glands
It is scent glands, and their secretions usually have an odor.
Apocrine glands
