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NEU223 Cognitive Neuroscience > E3 Chapter 9: Memory > Flashcards

E3 Chapter 9: Memory Flashcards

Exam 3

1
Q

What is the process of acquiring new information?

A

Learning

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of sensory memory? (Time course, Capacity, Conscious Awareness, Mechanisms of Loss?)

A

Time course: Milliseconds to seconds
Capacity: High
Conscious Awareness: NO
Loss: Primarily Decay

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of short-term/working memory? (Time course, Capacity, Conscious Awareness, Mechanisms of Loss?

A

Time course: Seconds to minutes
Capacity: Limited (7+/-2 items)
Conscious Awareness: YES
Loss: Interference and Decay

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of long-term memory DECLARATIVE AND NONDECLARATIVE? (Time course, Capacity, Mechanisms of Loss?

A

Time course: Minutes to Years
Capacity: High
Loss: Primarily interference

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5
Q

What is the main difference between Nondeclarative and declarative LTM?

A

Nondeclarative LTM have no conscious awareness, while Declarative LTM has conscious awareness

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6
Q

Declarative LTM is also called?

A

Explicit memory (facts and events)

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7
Q

Non-Declarative LTM is also called?

A

Implicit memory (Procedural and classical)

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8
Q

What are the three major stages of memory?

A
  1. Encoding
  2. Storage
  3. Retrieval
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9
Q

What stage of memory converts information into a form usable in memory?

A

Encoding

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10
Q

What stage aids Retaining information in memory?

A

Storage

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11
Q

What stage aids in bringing stored information to mind?

A

Retrieval

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12
Q

What disorder makes patients not be able to remember events prior to brain damage?

A

Retrograde amnesia

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13
Q

What disorder prevents patients from forming new memories?

A

Anterograde amnesia

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14
Q

What is retrograde amnesia extending back in time but does not include the entire life of the individual?

A

Temporally limited

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15
Q

What type of retrograde amnesia tends to be
greatest for the most recent events?

A

Temporal gradient (Ribot’s Law)

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16
Q

Memories of factual information

A

Semantic memory

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17
Q

Memories of personal events.

A

Episodic Memory

18
Q

A type of LTM that stores information about how to perform tasks and actions (part of implicit)?

A

Procedural Memory

19
Q

Neurodegenerative diseases that are commonly associated with the
pathological misfolding of particular proteins that are prone to cluster
in the brain

A

Dementia

20
Q

Most common type of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s Disorder

21
Q

What is caused by decreased oxygenation
of neural tissue and cell death resulting from strokes, vessel ruptures, cerebral artery rupture?

A

Vascular Dementia (15%)

22
Q

How much information can a memory system hold?

A

Capacity

23
Q

How long can information remain in memory?

A

Duration

24
Q

Echoic memory is a form of _________________ that focuses on _______

A

Sensory memory; hearing

25
Q

Iconic memory is a form of _________________ that focuses on _______

A

Sensory memory: vision

26
Q

Who developed the modal model of STM?

A

Atkinson and Shiffrin

27
Q

What model stated that LTM was determined by STM?

A

Modal model of STM

28
Q

What did KF help to disprove?

A

A double dissociation between STM and LTM disproved the Modal model

29
Q

What represents a limited-capacity store for retaining
information over the short term (maintenance) and for performing
mental operations on the contents of this store (manipulation).

A

Working memory

30
Q

What are the three parts of Baddeley and Hitch’s model?

A
  1. Visuospatial sketchpad
  2. Central Executive
  3. Phonological Loop
31
Q

What is a hypothesized mechanism for acoustically
coding information in working memory?

A

Phonological Loop

32
Q

What did Brook’s memory experience prove about the visuospatial sketchpad and phonological loop?

A

Two tasks that involved speaking and reading overloaded the phonological loop. It was easier to point to something rather than to say it.

33
Q

Where is the phonological loop present?

A

BD44: Left premotor

34
Q

Where is the Visuospatial sketchpad located?

A

Right parieto-occipital

35
Q

Information retained for a significant time
(days, months, or years)

A

Long Term Memory

36
Q

Memory for events and for facts, both
personal and general, to which we have conscious access, and which
we can verbally report.

A

Declarative memory (explicit)

37
Q

memories of events that the person has
experienced that include what happened, where it happened, when,
and with whom

A

Episodic

38
Q

objective knowledge that is factual in nature but
does not include the context in which it was learned.

A

Semantic Memory

39
Q

The ability to form habits and to learn procedures and rote behaviors
depends on

A

Procedural Memory

40
Q

People with anterograde amnesia cannot form __________ memories

A

episodic

NEU223 Cognitive Neuroscience (8 decks)

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