E2 Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception

Question 1

Perception of vision is not in the eye; it is in the

Answer 1

brain

Question 2

Light hitting the retina is a sensation or a perception?

Answer 2

Sensation

Question 3

Seeing a star in the sky is a sensation or a perception?

Answer 3

Perception; brain has to interpret that it is a star

Question 4

Each sensation system (ear, mouth, nose) has a specialized ___________. This is important because?

Answer 4

Receptor; allows for integration of unique sensory symbols

Question 5

Each sensory modality responds to a limited __________ of stimuli

Answer 5

Range

Question 6

_____________________ cells respond to a portion of this range

Answer 6

Individual receptors

Question 7

What are the three types of cones?

Answer 7

Red, Blue, Green

Question 8

Rods are used for __________, while cones are used for _________ and _____________

Answer 8

Motion/black or white; Color/acuity

Question 9

Sometimes you smell bread, but after a prolonged time you do not anymore (while the scent is still there). This is caused by the body’s ability to

Answer 9

adapt (adaptations)

Question 10

Acuity depends on what two factors?

Answer 10

1. Design of stimulation collective system
2. The # and distribution of receptors

Question 11

More neurons dedicated to a certain area are called

Answer 11

cortical representation

Question 12

What senses are integrated through the thalamus? (4)

Answer 12

1. Vision
2. Gustation
3. Somatosensation
4. Auditory

Question 13

Thalamic nuclei are interconnected, providing an opportunity for

Answer 13

Multi-sensory integration

Question 14

More than one sense at a time (integration)

Answer 14

Multisensory integration

Question 15

What sense plays a huge role in recognizing foods that are nutritious and safe?

Answer 15

Olfaction

Question 16

The longer a stimulus continues, the (less/more) frequent action potentials fire

Answer 16

less

Question 17

__________ also plays a huge role in social communications (pheromones)

Answer 17

Olfaction

Question 18

Odor molecules are called

Answer 18

odorants

Question 19

Odor receptors in the mucous membrane on roof

Answer 19

Olfactory epithelium

Question 20

Synapse of information in olfaction; transportation from sensory to primary cortices

Answer 20

Glomeruli

Question 21

Right above epithelium; contains the glomeruli; transmit info to the brain

Answer 21

Olfactory bulb

Question 22

Organizes and processes olfactory information in the brain

Answer 22

Primary olfactory cortex

Question 23

In olfaction, most axons of olfactory nerve project to the ____________ cortex

Answer 23

ipsilateral (same)

Question 24

Does the olfactory nerve arrive at the thalamus, or does it directly attach to olfactory cortex?

Answer 24

Without going through thalamus

Question 25

sense of taste is called

Answer 25

Gustation

Question 26

Gustation depends heavily on the sense of

Answer 26

smell (olfaction)

Question 27

Interpret the environment by discrimination between chemicals

Answer 27

Chemical sense

Question 28

Bumps on tongue that have trenches combining taste buds

Answer 28

Papillae

Question 29

Receptor filled part of the tongue; actual taste

Answer 29

Taste buds

Question 30

On side of tongue are

Answer 30

Taste pores

Question 31

____________ are in taste buds and do the actual receiving of stimuli

Answer 31

taste receptors

Question 32

What are the five taste types

Answer 32

1. Umami 2. Sweet 3. Sour 4. Bitter 5. Salty

Question 33

Sugar

Answer 33

Sweet

Question 34

Table salt

Answer 34

Salty

Question 35

Black coffee

Answer 35

Bitter

Question 36

Acidity; most prevalent in receptors, why?

Answer 36

Sour; helps analyze poisonous food

Question 37

Savory; meat

Answer 37

Umami

Question 38

A food molecule is also called a

Answer 38

Tastant

Question 39

CN 7; front 2/3 of tongue

Answer 39

Facial nerve

Question 40

CN 9; back 1/3 of tongue

Answer 40

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 41

CN 10; throat nerve

Answer 41

Vagus nerve

Question 42

synapsing with the taste receptor cells in the taste buds are

Answer 42

bipolar neurons

Question 43

Axons in gustation form the _________________________ nerve, which joins CN 7

Answer 43

Chorda tympani nerve

Question 44

FN projects to the gustatory neuron, located in the __________ tract in brainstem

Answer 44

Solitary

Question 45

The gustatory pathway synapses on what part of the thalamus

Answer 45

ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM)

Question 46

Axons from the _____ synapse in the primary gustatory cortex

Answer 46

VPM

Question 47

The primary gustatory cortex is connected to secondary processing areas of the ____________ cortex, providing an anatomical basis for the integration of tastes and smells.

Answer 47

Orbitofrontal

Question 48

People that have more taste receptors are called

Answer 48

Supertasters

Question 49

Essential role of food taste is to activate either

Answer 49

consume or reject

Question 50

the perception of all mechanical stimuli that affect the body, including the interpretation of signals that indicate the position of our limbs and the position of our head, as well as our senses of temperature, pressure, touch, and pain

Answer 50

Somatosensory

Question 51

Light touch; superficial

Answer 51

Meissner corpusclesM

Question 52

Medium pressure

Answer 52

Merkel cells

Question 53

Heavy pressure; deep

Answer 53

Pacinian Corpuscles

Question 54

Measures temperature change

Answer 54

Raffini corpuscles

Question 55

Two types of pain

Answer 55

1. Myelinated/immediate 2. Unmyelinated/quicker pain

Question 56

Specialized nerve cells provide info about body position

Answer 56

Proprioception

Question 57

Primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is organized in

Answer 57

Somatotopic organization called homunculus

Question 58

Homunculus shows

Answer 58

variation in somatosensation by different body parts (some larger than others)

Question 59

How something can change is

Answer 59

plasticity

Question 60

Pain is signaled by

Answer 60

Nociceptors

Question 61

_____________________________ builds more complex representation of touch like texture and size

Answer 61

secondary somatotopic cortex (S2)

Question 62

The sense of hearing

Answer 62

Audition

Question 63

Organized by Hz 200-20000

Answer 63

Tonotopic organization

Question 64

Thick and floppy; low frequency

Answer 64

Apex

Question 65

Stiff and thin; high frequency

Answer 65

Base

Question 66

Pinna and auditory canal are a part of the

Answer 66

outer ear

Question 67

Tympanic membrane, MIS bones, oval window are a part of the

Answer 67

Middle ear

Question 68

Cochlea and the auditory nerve are a part of the

Answer 68

Inner ear

Question 69

What are the three middle ear bones

Answer 69

Malleus, incus, stapes

Question 70

Outside of the ear; where piercings go

Answer 70

Pinna

Question 71

Contains hair cells; liquid filled

Answer 71

Cochlea

Question 72

Cells in rostral part of A1 are

Answer 72

low-frequency

Question 73

Cells in caudral part of A1 are

Answer 73

High frequency

Question 74

What is the neural pathway of audition? (6)

Answer 74

1. Auditory nerve 2. Cochlear nuclei 3. Superior olivary complex 4. Inferior colliculi 5. MGN of thalamus 6. Primary auditory cortex

Question 75

The most crucial form of sensory processing is

Answer 75

Vision

Question 76

______ focuses light onto the retina

Answer 76

Cornea

Question 77

Light enters through the pupil and reflects on the

Answer 77

lens

Question 78

Fovea contains all

Answer 78

Cones

Question 79

Sensory detectors that respond to reflected light

Answer 79

Photoreceptors

Question 80

Peripheral retina contains

Answer 80

Both rods and cones but primarily rods

Question 81

Rods and cones are connected to

Answer 81

Bipolar cells which are connection to ganglion

Question 82

axons of cells form a bundle that transmit visual info to the CNS

Answer 82

optic nerve

Question 83

point where right and left vision cross

Answer 83

optic chiasm