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NEU223 Cognitive Neuroscience > E2 Chapter 7: Attention > Flashcards

E2 Chapter 7: Attention Flashcards

Exam 2

1
Q

The global physiological and psychological state of the organism on a continuum ranging from deep-sleep to hyper-alterness

A

Arousal

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2
Q

The ability to prioritize and attend to some things and not other

A

Selective attention

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3
Q

Steered by an individuals current behavioral goals and shaped by learned priorities based on PERSONAL EXPERIENCES

A

Goal-Driven (TOP DOWN)

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4
Q

A reaction to stimuli that is not as dependent on current behavioral goals

A

Stimulus-Driven (bottom up)

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5
Q

Disorders that are the result of focal brain damage can be localized with

A

Neuroimaging and postmortem mapping

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6
Q

Results when the brain’s attention network is damaged in one hemisphere

A

Unilateral spatial neglect

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7
Q

There is ______ bias in neglect patients

A

Gaze

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8
Q

The line cancellation test is used as a method to determine

A

Gaze bias

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9
Q

Syndrome caused by bilateral damage to regions of the post parietal and occipital cortex

A

Balints Syndrome

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of balints syndrome?

A
  1. Simultagnosia
  2. Ocular apraxia
  3. Optic ataxia
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11
Q

Difficulty in perceiving the visual field as a whole scene

A

Simultagnosia

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11
Q

A deficit in making eye movements to scan the visual field

A

Ocular apraxia

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12
Q

A problem in making visually guided hand movements

A

Optic ataxia

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13
Q

Neglect is the result of _____________________ ___________ of a couple of spots; Balints is the result of ______________

A

Unilateral lesions
Bilateral lesions

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14
Q

Two models of attention

A
  1. Voluntary (endogenous) Attention
  2. Reflexive (Exogenous) attentionAb
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15
Q

Ability to intentionally transfer attention, goal driven, TOP-DOWN

A

Voluntary (endogenous) attention

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16
Q

evolution based attention shifting, environmental, BOTTOM-UP

A

Reflexive (exogenous) attention

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17
Q

Turning your head to orient toward a stimulus

A

Overt (Orienting towards)

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18
Q

Listening while not looking; secret

A

Covert (underCOVER)

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19
Q

By selectively attending, you can perceive the signal of interest amid the other noises

A

Cocktail Party Effective

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20
Q

Two different vocal streams coming into each ears

A

Dichotic Listening Task

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21
Q

Stages through which only a limited amount of info. can pass through

A

Bottlenecks in info processing

22
Q

_____________________ (1958) elaborated on the idea that info-processing system has processing bottlenecks

A

Broadbent

23
Q

Two types of Broadbent selection model

A
  1. Early
  2. Late
24
Q

A stimulus can be selected for further processing of be tossed out as irrelevant before perceptual analysis of the stimulus is complete

A

Early selection

25
Q

Is early or late correct?

A

Late

26
Q

Perceptual system process inputs equally, then selection takes place at LATER stage

A

Later

27
Q

What theory was able to disprove the early model?

A

Cocktail party effect?

28
Q

Proposed info. from an unattended channel was not completely blocked from higher analysis but was degraded or attenuated instead

A

Treisman’s attenuation theory

29
Q

What was used as a way of measuring the effect of attention on info processing is to examine how participants respond to target stimuli

A

Treismans’ attenuator

30
Q

The orienting of attention to a cue is voluntary and driven by participants goals

A

Endogenous cuing

31
Q

A valid arrow in Posner cuing points at or away from the stimulus

A

At

32
Q

An invalid arrow in Posner cuing points at or away from the stimulus

A

Away

33
Q

Stimuli automatically captures attention (without voluntary control) because of its physical features

A

Exogenous cuing

34
Q

Invalid cuing causes shorter or longer reaction time

A

longer

35
Q

Visuospatial attention can be ___________, like when you attend to a page, or can be __________, like looking at the motion of a classmate

A

Voluntary; Reflexive

36
Q

The more salient a stimulus, the more

A

easily our attention is captured

37
Q

We use _____to assess whether attention had an influence on LGN

A

fMRI

38
Q

Activated by stimuli that are in some way salient

A

Reflexive attention

39
Q

Attention controlled by external stimuli, NOT VOLUNTARY

A

Reflexive/exogenous cuing

40
Q

Inhibition of the return of attention to that location

A

Inhibition of Return (IoR)

41
Q

An active scan of the visual environment for a particular object/feature amount other objects

A

Visual search

42
Q

Find a target in a display where only ONE feature is different

A

Pop-out search

43
Q

Find a target in a display where MULTIPLE features are different

A

Conjugation searches

44
Q

Selective attention is needed in order to combine features

A

Feature integration

45
Q

Duncan contrasted attention to location (spatial) with attention to _______

A

Objects

46
Q

Object representations can modulate __________ __________

A

Spatial Attention

47
Q

The presence of ________ influences the way that spatial attention is allocated in space

A

Objects

48
Q

By simultaneously flashing lights, patients can only focus on one flash; a presence of competing stimulus in ipsilateral field causes neglect

A

extinction

49
Q

Helmholtz light stimuli 1894 proved that what attention existed

A

Covert

50
Q

A faster response demonstrates the _______ of attention

A

Benefits
Invalid stim took the longest
Valid took the least

51
Q

Characteristic waves measured by an EEG

A

ERPs

52
Q

In conjunction search: The more distractors, The _____________________________

A

Longer it takes to find

53
Q
A

NEU223 Cognitive Neuroscience (5 decks)

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