E3 Chapter 11: Language Flashcards
Exam 3
When HW was shown 60 common items the only one he could name was a house. He was diagnosed with a severe
Anomia
Many regions located on and around the __________________ form a
language-processing network.
Sylvian fissure
What hemisphere primarily processes language?
Left
What primary role does the right hemisphere play in language?
Processing Prosody
The “melody” of speech, including pitch, intonation,
accentuation of syllables in a word or words in a sentence, and the
duration or timing of speech.
Prosody
a broad term referring to the collective deficits in language comprehension and production that accompany neurological damage.
Aphasia
Loss of control articulatory muscles (Ex: slurring)
Dysarthria
Difficulty pronouncing words
Apraxia
Struggling to label object
Anomia
What area is Broca’s in?
Frontal Lobe
A loss of speech; not being able to produce words
Broca’s aphasia
With a lack of speech, Broca patients also have a lack of
Speech comprehension relating to SYNTAX
The rules that govern how words are put together
Syntax
Difficulty producing and or understanding sentence structure
Agrammatic aphasia
Produces incomprehensible speech
Wernicke’s aphasia
What area is Wernickes in
Temporal
Is comprehension damaged in Wernicke aphasia
Severely
What connects both Broca’s and Wernicke’s?
Arcuate Fasciculus
What aphasia is a product of Arcuate Fascicular damage?
Conduction aphasia (conduction from one area to another)
A patient shows difficulty with incorrect phonetics and word choice
Conduction Aphasia
What disorder difficulty repeating phrases, speech phonetic issues, error awareness?
Conduction aphasia a
What can be spoken, gestured, and written. It has a vocabulary, grammar, and syntactic rules.
Natural language
A word in a spoken language has two properties:
- Semantics
- Phonological form
A word in a written language also has an
Orthographic Form
a mental store of information about words that includes
Mental Lexicon
the stage of processing in which the output of
perceptual analysis activates word-form representations in the mental lexicon, including their semantic and syntactic attributes.
Lexical Access
the stage in which the representation that best
matches the input is identified (selected).
Lexical Selection
the final stage, in which words are integrated into
the full sentence, discourse, or larger context to facilitate
understanding of the whole message.
Lexical Integration
What are the four organizing principles of mental lexicon?
- Morphemes
- Frequency
- Phonemes
- Semantic relationships
The smallest meaningful unit in a language
Morpheme
Help has how many morphemes? How many morphemes does Helped have?
1; 2
The smallest contrastive unit of sound in a language
Phoneme
Evidence for this type of organization comes from semantic priming
studies that use a
Lexical decision task
Who proposed the connectionist model of language?
Collin and Loftus
What model proposes word meanings
are represented in a semantic network in which words, depicted as
conceptual nodes, are connected with each other?
Connectionist Model
A patient with what disorder might use the word horse when they meant to say the word cow?
Semantic paraphasia
Semantic paraphasia is when patients with what disorder make errors in speech production?
Wernickes Aphasia
What disorder might a patient have if they READ the word horse when it actually says cow?
Deep Dyslexia
What infant vocalization happens at 6-8 weeks and is repeated vowels like oooo or aaaa
Cooing
What infant vocalization happens at 4-6 months and is random combos like bababababa
Babbling
Speech used by adults speaking with young
children; involves short, simple sentences spoken slowly and in a high-
pitched voice, often with repetition and with exaggerated emphasis
on key words.
Children-directed speech
Using the syntax of a sentence—that is,
where a word is placed in a sentence—to determine the meaning of
the word.
Semantic bootstrapping
The ability to improvise new combinations of signals
to represent new ideas.
Productivity
Sulcus between frontal and parietal lobe
Central sulcus
The very deep sulcus between the temporal lobe and the frontal lobe
Lateral sulcus (Slyvian fissure)
Semantically related words are organized (separate/together) in your mental lexicon
Together
Washoe the chimp was special because
He made up his own sign to stand for words
Kanzi the bonobo was special because
he learned his language through the environment of his mother being taught; Learned Abstract symbols to communicate PROTOSYNTAX
Alex the parrot was special because
He was trained to produce remarkable linguistic behaviors (he can understand colors)
Do animals learn language?
NOOOOOOO
