Chapter 4: Hemispheric Specialization Flashcards
Exam 1
What did W.J. have wrong? What did this do?
W.J. had terrible epilepsy and had his corpus callosum cut
Cut the corpus callosum in order to stop epilepsy between hemispheres
Split-brain
Differences in hemispheres, called functional asymmetry, can be shown how?
Right protrudes anterior, chubbier frontal
Left protrudes posterior, larger occipital
Used to determine which hemisphere contains the brain’s
speech center.
Wada Test
The large sulcus that defines the superior border of the temporal lobe, more prominent upward curl in the right hemisphere
Sylvian Fissure
The cortical area at the center of Wernicke’s area, larger in left hemisphere
Planum temporale
Areas in corresponding locations in the two hemisphere known to be functionally asymmetrical
Homotopic Areas
Those that go to a CORRESPONDING region in other hemisphere
Homotopic connections
Those that travel to DIFFERENT regions in other hemisphere
Heterotopic connections
Bundle of myelinated axons that connects L Hemi to R hemi
Corpus callosum
1/10th of corpus callosum that primarily connects regions of the temporale
Anterior Commisure
Smaller than other, contains fibers that contribute to the pupillary light reflex
Posterior commissure
Callosal connections have multiple presumed roles, but the most thought of one is that
each hemisphere inhibits the other
Who made the discovery that when C.C and anterior commissure are sectioned, such visual discrimination learned by one hemisphere did not transfer to the other
Myers and Sperry
The surgery of splitting the brain is called
callosotomy
The notion that different regions have specific functions
Cerebral specialization
What hemi. functions in visiospatial perception, creativity/intuition, image processing
Right
What hemi. functions in speech/language, word recognition, and logical reasoning
Left
Spontaneous V voluntary facial expressions of Parkinsons patients
Unable to produce spontaneous facial expressions, whereas the pathways that support voluntary expressions work
The cognitive ability to understand others have different mental states
Theory of mind
Who lacks Theory of mind
Very young children
What hemisphere is the interpreter?
Left
Split brain patient shown two pictures, one for the right, one for the left, ____________________________
when patient tries to explain right, the left takes over and responds based on context consistency (Gazzaniga and LeDoux)
Split brain patients asked to look at pictures depicting an everyday storyline. What did this find?
Phelp and Gazzaniga
Left cannot weed out pictures when they fit the general scan
The left hemisphere tends to make more semantic inferences than the right hemisphere
Right is unable to infer causality
Smylie and Gazzaniga
During dichotic listening tasks, the participant produced words that were primarily played in the right ear
Right-ear advantage
What experimental designs randomly allocating participants to different conditions
Between or within subjects?
Between
What experimental design is that all participants take part in ALL conditions of an experiment?
Between or within
Within
The surgical process of splitting the corpus callosum
callosotomy
If callosal fibers are ________, they provide a means for each hemisphere to compete for what?
inhibitory; control of current processing
The left hemisphere is mainly in control of (3)
language, speech, problem solving
The right hemisphere is mainly in control of (3)
Visuospatial, face recognition, and music
The right visual field directly interacts with the _________ hemisphere? Vice versa?
Left; LVF=right hemi
What are the three methodical issues of studying the brain?
- patients are not neurologically normal before
- were the transcortical connections were completely sectioned?
- Need to eliminate the possibility of cross-cuing
What is cross-cuing?
When one part of hemisphere cues the other to perform an action
Cerebral specialization
Different regions have different functions
Emotional prosody
The emotion that is in language (YEAH!! vs. yeah)
Commit figurations focus on what differences between two focal points
Global and local
Global and local in house example
Global: that is a house
local: that house has windows
Patients with left lesions were slow to identify (local or global)
Local
Patients with right lesions were slow to identify (local or global)
Global
The realization that others thoughts are not the same as ours
Theory of mind
Who has not developed theory of mind?
Children
Where is theory of mind rooted?
Right hemisphere temp/parietal lobe
