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NEU223 Cognitive Neuroscience > Chapter 4: Hemispheric Specialization > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Hemispheric Specialization Flashcards

Exam 1

1
Q

What did W.J. have wrong? What did this do?

A

W.J. had terrible epilepsy and had his corpus callosum cut

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2
Q

Cut the corpus callosum in order to stop epilepsy between hemispheres

A

Split-brain

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3
Q

Differences in hemispheres, called functional asymmetry, can be shown how?

A

Right protrudes anterior, chubbier frontal
Left protrudes posterior, larger occipital

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4
Q

Used to determine which hemisphere contains the brain’s
speech center.

A

Wada Test

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5
Q

The large sulcus that defines the superior border of the temporal lobe, more prominent upward curl in the right hemisphere

A

Sylvian Fissure

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6
Q

The cortical area at the center of Wernicke’s area, larger in left hemisphere

A

Planum temporale

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7
Q

Areas in corresponding locations in the two hemisphere known to be functionally asymmetrical

A

Homotopic Areas

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8
Q

Those that go to a CORRESPONDING region in other hemisphere

A

Homotopic connections

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9
Q

Those that travel to DIFFERENT regions in other hemisphere

A

Heterotopic connections

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10
Q

Bundle of myelinated axons that connects L Hemi to R hemi

A

Corpus callosum

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11
Q

1/10th of corpus callosum that primarily connects regions of the temporale

A

Anterior Commisure

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12
Q

Smaller than other, contains fibers that contribute to the pupillary light reflex

A

Posterior commissure

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13
Q

Callosal connections have multiple presumed roles, but the most thought of one is that

A

each hemisphere inhibits the other

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14
Q

Who made the discovery that when C.C and anterior commissure are sectioned, such visual discrimination learned by one hemisphere did not transfer to the other

A

Myers and Sperry

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15
Q

The surgery of splitting the brain is called

A

callosotomy

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16
Q

The notion that different regions have specific functions

A

Cerebral specialization

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17
Q

What hemi. functions in visiospatial perception, creativity/intuition, image processing

A

Right

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18
Q

What hemi. functions in speech/language, word recognition, and logical reasoning

A

Left

19
Q

Spontaneous V voluntary facial expressions of Parkinsons patients

A

Unable to produce spontaneous facial expressions, whereas the pathways that support voluntary expressions work

20
Q

The cognitive ability to understand others have different mental states

A

Theory of mind

21
Q

Who lacks Theory of mind

A

Very young children

22
Q

What hemisphere is the interpreter?

A

Left

23
Q

Split brain patient shown two pictures, one for the right, one for the left, ____________________________

A

when patient tries to explain right, the left takes over and responds based on context consistency (Gazzaniga and LeDoux)

24
Q

Split brain patients asked to look at pictures depicting an everyday storyline. What did this find?

A

Phelp and Gazzaniga
Left cannot weed out pictures when they fit the general scan

25
Q

The left hemisphere tends to make more semantic inferences than the right hemisphere
Right is unable to infer causality

A

Smylie and Gazzaniga

26
Q

During dichotic listening tasks, the participant produced words that were primarily played in the right ear

A

Right-ear advantage

27
Q

What experimental designs randomly allocating participants to different conditions
Between or within subjects?

A

Between

28
Q

What experimental design is that all participants take part in ALL conditions of an experiment?
Between or within

A

Within

29
Q

The surgical process of splitting the corpus callosum

A

callosotomy

30
Q

If callosal fibers are ________, they provide a means for each hemisphere to compete for what?

A

inhibitory; control of current processing

31
Q

The left hemisphere is mainly in control of (3)

A

language, speech, problem solving

32
Q

The right hemisphere is mainly in control of (3)

A

Visuospatial, face recognition, and music

33
Q

The right visual field directly interacts with the _________ hemisphere? Vice versa?

A

Left; LVF=right hemi

34
Q

What are the three methodical issues of studying the brain?

A
  1. patients are not neurologically normal before
  2. were the transcortical connections were completely sectioned?
  3. Need to eliminate the possibility of cross-cuing
35
Q

What is cross-cuing?

A

When one part of hemisphere cues the other to perform an action

36
Q

Cerebral specialization

A

Different regions have different functions

37
Q

Emotional prosody

A

The emotion that is in language (YEAH!! vs. yeah)

38
Q

Commit figurations focus on what differences between two focal points

A

Global and local

39
Q

Global and local in house example

A

Global: that is a house
local: that house has windows

40
Q

Patients with left lesions were slow to identify (local or global)

A

Local

41
Q

Patients with right lesions were slow to identify (local or global)

A

Global

42
Q

The realization that others thoughts are not the same as ours

A

Theory of mind

43
Q

Who has not developed theory of mind?

A

Children

44
Q

Where is theory of mind rooted?

A

Right hemisphere temp/parietal lobe

NEU223 Cognitive Neuroscience (8 decks)

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