Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHRM 865 > E2 Erdman Penicillins > Flashcards

E2 Erdman Penicillins Flashcards

this is gonna have ppt and word doc notes in it

1
Q

3 mechs of resistance for b lactams

A

B lactamases
PBP alteration
Decreased penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

beta lactams:
cidal or static

A

cidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

most b lactams have _____ half life of ______

A

short, 2 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which 4 beta lactams ARE NOT eliminated in kidneys

A

Nafcillin
oxacillin
ceftriaxone
cefoperazone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T or F:
all beta lactams have cross-allergenicity

A

false, aztreonam does not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when are PBPs expressed?

A

only during cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what bacteria are penicillins not bactericidal against?

A

enterococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where are PBPs located

A

cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

PBP location:
GP
GN

A

GP cell surface
GN inner membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

there is only 1 GP bacteria that produces b lactamases, what is it?

A

penicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus ****

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T or F:
b lactamase production is more efficient in GP organisms

A

false, GN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

there are 6 GN aerobic bacteria that produces b lactamases, what are they? (that she wants us to know)

A

Haemophilus
Moraxella
Neisseria
E coli
Klebsiella
Enterobacter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

only 1 GN anaerobe produces b lactamases, what is it?

A

Bacteroides fragilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Alteration in structure of PBP in penicillins leads to a decrease in what

A

binding affinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

if you see alteration in PBP for penicillins, what 2 things should you think about?

A

MRSA + PRSP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chromosomally mediated PBP alteration:
A. MRSA
B. PRSP

A

B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

alteration of outer membrane porin proteins leads to decreased what

A

penetration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

alteration in porin proteins for b lactams is most common towards what class of b lactams

A

carbapenems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

T or F:
natural and semi-synthetic pens display the same antibacterial activity

A

false, different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

examples of natural penicillins

A

aqueous pen g
benzathine pen g
procaine pen g
phenoxymethyl pen VK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

main bacteria that natural pens are drug of choice for

A

treponema pallidum
SYPHILIS **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

natural penicillins have excellent activity against?

A

non b-lactamase producing GP cocci and bacilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

6 GP organisms natural penicillins have activity against (2 at the bottom are mid)

A
  • group strep
  • viridans
  • some strep pneumoniae
  • most enterococcus spp*
  • bacillus spp
  • corynebacterium spp
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 GN cocci natural penicillins have activity against

A

neisseria spp
pasteurella multocida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

2 anaerobes natural pens have activity against

A
  • above diaphragm (?)
  • Clostridium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the 5 Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins (AKA antistaphylococcal pens)

A

Naf
Ox
Meth
Diclox
Clox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what were the penicillin resistant penicillins developed in response to?

A

staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

penicillinase-resistant penicillins are semi-synthetic derivatives of natural penicillins that contain a/an _____ side chain

A

acyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

if MSSA, use what beta lactam?

A

NAFCILLIN*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

why do we not use methicillin anymore

A

interstitial nephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are the 2 aminopenicillins and what are their dosage forms

A

Ampicillin: parenteral +oral
Amox: oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

aminopens developed to enhance activity against?

A

some GN aerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

main bacterial spp aminopenicillins are good against

A

enterococcus spp ***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

acronym to remember GN bacteria covered by aminopenicillins

A

S: salmonella, shigella
H: H. influenzae
E: some E. Coli
P: Proteus mirabilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

two GP bacteria we care about that aminopenicillins cover

A

enterococcus
LIsteria monocytogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

T or F:
Amoxicillin is the drug of choice over ampicillin for enterococcus bacterial infections

A

false, ampicillin by far

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

2 carboxypenicillins and their dosage forms

A

Ticarcillin: parenteral
Carbenicillin: parenteral, oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

T or F:
carboxypenicillins cover more GN bacteria than aminopenicilllins

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

acronym for GN coverage of carboxypenicillins

A

SHEPMEPP
M: Morganella
E: Enterobacter spp *
P: Pseudomonas aeruginosa *
P: proteus mirabilis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

target organism for ticarcillin

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa *

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what are the 3 ureidopenicillins (but say the main one first)

A

Piperacillin
Azlocillin
Mezlocillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Which type of penicillin is not used alone, and what is it used with?

A
  • ureidopenicillins (piperacillin)
  • used with b-lactmase inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

acronym for ureidopenicillins (piper/azlo)

A

SHEPMEPP + KS
K: some Klebsiella
S: Serratia marcescens

44
Q

which class of penicillins is the most broad w/out use of b-lactamase inhibtors

A

ureido
(piper/azlo)

45
Q

Unasyn

A

ampicillin-sulbactam

46
Q

Zosyn

A

Piperacillin-tazobactam

47
Q

augmentin

A

amox/clav (oral only)

48
Q

Timentin

A

Ticarcilin/clav
dont see this often

49
Q

T or F:
b-lactamase inhibitor combos have activity against MRSA, excluding MSSA

A

false, they cover MSSA, not MRSA

50
Q

target bacterial organism for the combo drugs

A

bacteroides spp

51
Q

Which penicillin is considered a potential drug of choice for infections due to MSSA?
A. Penicillin G
B. Ticarcillin
C. Ampicillin
D. Nafcillin
E. Piperacillin

52
Q

Which penicillin is considered a potential drug of choice for infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
A. Penicillin G
B. Ampicillin/sulbactam
C. Amoxicillin
D. Nafcillin
E. Piperacillin

53
Q

clinically useful synergy:
Viridans strep

A

penicillin, or ampicillin + gentamicin

54
Q

clinically useful synergy:
Enterococcus spp

A

ampicillin + gentamicin
OR
streptomycin

55
Q

clinically useful synergy:
Staphylococcus spp

56
Q

clinically useful synergy:
GN bacteria

A

ticarcillin or piper+gent, tobra, amikacin

57
Q

many penicillins aree degraded by?

A

gastric acid

58
Q

T or F:
oral penicillins are preferred over IV penicillins for mod/sev infection

A

false, only used in mild/mod

59
Q

T or F:
amp is orally absorbed more than amox

A

false, other way around

60
Q

oral carbenicillin with low F of 30-40% is used for what

61
Q

which antistaphylococcal penicillin is absorbed best

62
Q

what is the only way adequate concentrations of penicillins reach the CSF

A

presence of inflamed meninges with HIGH DOSE parenteral admin

63
Q

which 2 (from this particular slide i think) penicillins are eliminated primarily by the liver

A

nafcillin and oxacillin

64
Q

T or F:
ALL penicillins have short half lives

65
Q

T or F:
beta lactamase inhibitors reach the CSF

66
Q

parenterally administered penicillins contain ______ which should be used with caution in pts with ____ or _____

A
  • sodium
  • CHF
  • renal insufficiency
67
Q

Sodium content:
Nafcillin
A. 2.0 mEq per 1 mil units
B. 2.9 mEq per gram
C. 5.2 mEq per gram
D. 1.85 mEq per gram

68
Q

Sodium content:
Piperacillin
A. 2.0 mEq per 1 mil units
B. 2.9 mEq per gram
C. 5.2 mEq per gram
D. 1.85 mEq per gram

69
Q

Sodium content:
sodium pen G
A. 2.0 mEq per 1 mil units
B. 2.9 mEq per gram
C. 5.2 mEq per gram
D. 1.85 mEq per gram

70
Q

Sodium content:
Ticarcillin
A. 2.0 mEq per 1 mil units
B. 2.9 mEq per gram
C. 5.2 mEq per gram
D. 1.85 mEq per gram

71
Q

clinical uses for penicillins:
natural penicillins

A
  • potential drug of choice for Pen-Susceptible S pneumoniae, streptococci, Neisseria meningitis, SYPHILIS**, Clostridium perfringens or tetani, Actinomyces, Bacillus anthracis
72
Q

clinical uses for penicillins:
Penicillinase-Resistant Pens

A

infections due to MSSA

73
Q

primary oral drug for mild/mod MSSA infections

74
Q

primary drug for mod/sev MSSA infections

75
Q

clinical uses for penicillins:
Aminopenicillins

A

Enterococcal infections
Listeria Monocytogenes infections

76
Q

clinical uses for penicillins:
Carboxy and Ureido pens (3)

A
  • serious infections due to GN aerobic bacteria
  • empiric therapy for hospital-acquired infections
  • Infections due to PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
77
Q

clinical uses for penicillins:
B-lactamase inhibitor combos
augmentin: (2 highlighted)

A

sinusitis, otitis media

78
Q

clinical uses for penicillins:
B-lactamase inhibitor combos
Unasyn, Zosyn, Timentin (1 highlighted)

A

polymicrobial infections

79
Q

clinical uses for penicillins:
B-lactamase inhibitor combos
zosyn only (2)

A
  • empiric therapy for febrile neutropenia
  • hospital-acquired infections
80
Q

T or F:
cross-allergenicity exists among ALL penicillins and even some other b-lactams

81
Q

T or F:
hypersens rxns have a higher incidence with oral pens

A

false, parenteral

82
Q

1 highlighted neurologic AE for penicillins

A

seizures
(this is a DIRECT toxic effect)

83
Q

2 highlighted hematologic AE for penicillins

A

neutropenia
thrombocytopenia

84
Q

T or F:
hematologic AEs from penicillins are reversible

85
Q

random other AE for penicillins

A

interstitial nephritis
ABRUPT increase in serum creatinine which can lead to renal failure

86
Q

concern for interstitial nephritis is highest with which 2 pens

A

METH and NAF

87
Q

why do natural penicillins have very little activity against staphylococcus spp

A

penicillinase production

88
Q

T or F:
(ignore GP coverage for this)
natural penicillins primarily have activity against some GN bacilli

A

false, if its covering GN it will be GN COCCI

89
Q

drug of choice for viridans, group strep, neisseria, corynebacterium, anthrax, syphilis

90
Q

T or F:
penicillinase-resistant penicillins have no activity against GN

91
Q

what type of penicillin good for enterococcus spp

A

aminopenicillins

92
Q

drug of choice for listeria and entero

93
Q

what type of pen for coverage against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

carboxy (just ticar basically)

94
Q

T or F:
carboxypens have activity against Kleb and Serratia

A

false, none

95
Q

what bacteria are penicillins bacteriostatic against (1)

A

enterococcus spp

96
Q

IM benzathine and IM procaine pen G are formulated to do what regarding absorption

A

delay absorption resulting in prolonged low serum and tissue concentrations

97
Q

which penicillin undergoes dual elimination

A

piperacillin

98
Q

what are the two penicillins that are exceptions for penicillins being removed during hemodialysis

A

nafcillin and oxacillin

99
Q

3 penicillins that dont require dose change for renal insufficiency

A

diclox
naf
oxa

100
Q

MOST ACTIVE penicillin against pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

piperacillin

101
Q

combo choice for lower RTIs and human or animal bites*

102
Q

combo type for intraabdominal, gynecological, and diabetic foot infections

A

zosyn and unasyn

103
Q

most frequent AE for penicillins

A

hypersens duh

104
Q

weird GI AE for penicillins

A

pseudomembranous colitis (c diff diarrhea)

105
Q

3 AEs under “other” for penicillins

A

phlebitis, hypokalemia, sodium overload and fluid retention (ticar/piper)

PHRM 865 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions