Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHRM 865 > E2 Erdman Cephalosporins > Flashcards

E2 Erdman Cephalosporins Flashcards

1
Q

which two cephalosporins are not eliminated in kidney

A

ceftriaxone
cefoperazone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T or F:
all cephalosporins are bactericidal

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

new cephalosporin _______, also acts as a siderosphere. and wtf does this mean

A

cefiderocol
helps get iron into cell for survival and growth. drug binds to free iron, uses iron to get into periplasmic space. cool kinda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T or F:
cephalosporins have the same 3 resistance mechs as penicillins

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T or F:
ampc inducibe b-lactamases are chromosomally mediated

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

only clinically relevant GP bacteria that produces b-lactmases

A

Staph a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

extra add on in carbon ring for cephalosporins helps drug to be more stable against what

A

beta lactamases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T or F
cefiderocol is intrinsically resistant to b-lactmases

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ceftaroline is the only cephalosporin active against MRSA

A

ok

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1st gen cephs are most active against _____ _____ aerobes with good activity against a few ______ _____ aerobes

A

GP
GN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T or F:
cephs gain GP activity with an decrease in GN activity as you go up generations

A

false, other way around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T or F:
there is greater b-lactamase stability as you go up generations

A

tru

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

first gen cephalosporins:
GP aerobes (4)

A
  • group strep
  • viridans strep
  • pen-sus S. pneumoniae
  • meth-sus S. aureus***
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

know that the 1st generation have best activity amongst all cephs for GP aerobes

A

got it bro thanks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

first gen cephalosporins:
GN acronym

A

PEK
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Kleb pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

only two 1st gen cephs she wants us to know (slides)

A

cefazolin
cephalexin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cefazolin dosage form

A

parenteral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cephalexin dosage form

A

oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

4 2nd gen cephs to know

A

Cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefprozil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which type of 2nd gen cephs are active against anaerobes

A

cephamycins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2nd gen cephs have activity against the same bacteria as 1st gen, which 2 drugs are best for GP and which 2 are worst (this is also a good way to make sure you know all 4)

A

best: cefprozil, cefuroxime
worst: cefoxitin, cefotetan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2nd gen cephs have expanded coverage over 1st gen, along with PEK what else is covered under 2nd gen?

A
  • H. influenzae (only b-lactamase negative strains)
  • Enterobacter spp (some)
  • Neisseria spp
    HENPECK
    (also mentions M. catarrhalis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what class and 3 drugs in that class are the ONLY cephalosporins to have activity against GN anaerobes?

A

Cephamycins.
- cefoxitin
- cefotetan
- cefmetazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what bacteria are the GN anaerobes that the 2nd gen cephamycins have activity against?

A

Bacteroides fragilis group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Best option for the GN anaerobic bacteria Bacteroides fragilis
A. Cefoxitin
B. Cefotetan
C. Cefmetazole

A

A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

T or F:
3rd gen cephs have increased GP and GN activity compared to prior gens

A

false, they have less GP coverage than 1st and 2nd but more GN aerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

3 3rd gen cephs to know

A
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Ceftazidime
  • cefpodoxime
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

only ceph(s) that have activity against PRSP:
A. Ceftriaxone
B. Cefpodoxime
C. Cefotaxime
D. Ceftazidime

A

A and C *****

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

acronym for GN activity of 3rd gen cephs

A

HENPECKSSS (wow) im just gonna break these down into different cards i think

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Only ceph(s) to have activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa *****
A. Ceftriaxone
B. Cefpodoxime
C. Cefotaxime
D. Ceftazidime
E. Cefoperazone

A

D and E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

T or F:
2nd gen cephs cover b-lactamase producing H. influenzae and Neisseria while 3rd gens do not

A

false, other way around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

T or F:
3rd gen cephs have very limited activity against GN anaerobes

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

only 4th gen ceph available

A

Cefepime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

why is cefepime considered 4th gen?

A

extended SoA which includes many GP and GN aerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

T or F:
the 4th gen ceph, cefepime, has excellent coverage against anaerobes

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cefepime GP coverage is the same as _________

A

ceftriaxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

T or F:
cefepime covers B-lactamase producing enterobacter spp and e.coli

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

T or F:
cefepime has coverage against pseudomonas aeruginosa

39
Q

T or F:
cefepime is a poor inducer of AmpC b-lactamase enzymes

40
Q

known as the “anti-MRSA” ceph
A. Ceftriaxone
B. Cefpodoxime
C. Ceftaroline
D. Cefotaxime
E. Ceftazidime

41
Q

T or F:
ceftaroline is unique b/c it covers both MRSA and pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

false, only MRSA*

42
Q

T or F:
ceftaroline has coverage against PRSP

43
Q

“miscellaneous ceph”

A

cefiderocol

44
Q

what GP bacteria does cefiderocol cover?

A

no clinically relevant activity

45
Q

Cefiderocol has GN coverage similar to _______ but also includes some MDR strains that produce _____, _____, and _______ (sorry this is tough)

A

cefepime
ESBLs
AmpCs
carbapenemases (KPCs,NDMs,VIM,OXA-48)

46
Q

zerbaxa

A

ceph and b-lactamase inhibitor combo
ceftolozane+tazobactam

47
Q

Avycaz

A

ceph and b-lactamase inhibitor combo
Ceftazidime+Avibactam *

48
Q

ceftolozane+tazobactam GP coverage

A

only streptococci

49
Q

ceftolozane+tazobactam GN coverage similar to _______ and also includes some _____ and _____

A

cefepime
ESBls and AmpCs
(AmpC producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa) **

50
Q

Ceftazidime+Avibactam GP coverage

A

only streptococci

51
Q

Ceftazidime+Avibactam GN coverage:
similar to _______; also includes many _______, some ____, and _____/______

A

cefepime
ESBLs
AmpCs
KPCs/OXAs

52
Q

3 bolded things in handout that “cephalosporins are NOT active against”

A
  • MRSA (except ceftaroline)
  • Enterococcus spp
  • Legionella pneumophila
53
Q

Which cephalosporin is considered a potential drug of choice for infections due to MSSA?
A. Ceftazidime
B. Cefotetan
C. Cefazolin
D. Ceftolozane-Tazobactam
E. Cefonicid

54
Q

Which cephalosporin does NOT have activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
A. Ceftriaxone
B. Ceftazidime
C. Cefepime
D. Ceftolozane-Tazobactam
E. Ceftazidime-Avibactam

55
Q

clinically useful synergy cephalosporins:
viridans streptococci

A

ceftriaxone + gent

56
Q

clinically useful synergy cephalosporins:
Staph aureus

A

cefazolin+gent

57
Q

clinically useful synergy cephalosporins:
GN aerobes

A

ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, or cefepime+gent/tobramycin/amikacin

58
Q

oral cephs are _____ absorbed, but achieve (lower/higher), serum conc than parenteral products

A

well
lower

59
Q

T or F:
food can influence absorption of cephs

60
Q

T or F:
concentrations in CSF not obtained with most 1st and 2nd gen cephs

61
Q

there is one ceph and 2 generations that can achieve CSF concentrations, what are they

A
  • PARENTERAL CEFUROXIME
  • 3rd and 4th gen agents
62
Q

which ceph(s) are NOT eliminated by kidney
A. Ceftriaxone
B. Cefpodoxime
C. Ceftaroline
D. Cefotaxime
E. Cefoperazone

63
Q

what ceph has a half-life of 8 hours
A. Ceftriaxone
B. Cefpodoxime
C. Ceftaroline
D. Cefotaxime
E. Ceftazidime

64
Q

clinical uses, 1st gen cephs:
infections due to _____ and for _________ __________

A

MSSA (GP), also word doc says streptococci *
surgical prophylaxis

65
Q

which first gen ceph is the drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis “remember this”
A. Cefazolin
B. Cephalexin

66
Q

T or F:
1st gen cephs should be used for meningitis

A

false, NOT used

67
Q

T or F:
Cefuroxime penetrates the CSF and is recommended in tx of meningitis

A

false, it does penetrate but is no longer used for this indication

68
Q

what 3 drugs have activity against GN aerobes AND anaerobes (review)

A

cefoxitin
cefotetan
cefmetazole

69
Q

clinical uses 2nd gen cephs: (not including drug specific yet)

A
  • sinusitis
  • otitis media
  • upper+lower RTI
70
Q

clinical uses 2nd gen cephs:
2 drugs for polymicrobial infections or surgical prophylaxis for abdominal surgery

A

cefoxitin
cefotetan

71
Q

clinical uses 3rd gen cephs:
which 2 drugs to use if pseudo a is known or suspected

A

ceftazidime
cefoperazone

72
Q

clinical uses 3rd gen cephs:
which drug for uncomplicated gonorrhea, CAP, PRSP, or viridans strep endocarditis

A

ceftriaxone

73
Q

clinical uses 3rd gen cephs:
which 2 drugs have good coverage against GP aerobes

A

cefotaxime
ceftriaxone

74
Q

clinical uses for 4th gen ceph:
just list what you can regarding indications for cefepime

A
  • pneumonia
  • bacteremia
  • UTIs
  • skin+soft tissue
  • intraabdominal
75
Q

clinical uses 4th gen ceph:
cefepime is used for febrile neutropenia due to GN bacteria, what is the main bacteria you would want to use cefepime for

A

pseudomonas
(has antipseudomonal activity)

76
Q

clinical uses for ceftaroline (purposely leaving class out)

A
  • skin and soft tissue infxns caused by MRSA **
77
Q

T or F:
ceftaroline covers pseudomonas a

A

false, highlighted

78
Q

clinical uses cefiderocol

A

current place in therapy is still being determined
just know
- complicated UTIs including pyelonephritis
- HABP/VABP

79
Q

why is the use of cefiderocol limited

A
  • expensive as shit
80
Q

if you were to spend the money to use cefiderocol, what would the indication be?

A

infections cause by resistant-GN bacteria (ESBL, AmpC, carbapenemases

81
Q

clinical uses of ceph+b-lactamase inhibitor combos:
both avycaz and zerbaxa are fda-approved for what 3 things

A
  • complicated UTIs w/ pyelonephritis
  • complicated intra-abdominal infections (w/ metronidazole)
  • HABP/VABP
82
Q

T or F:
cephs have cross-allergenicity with pens

83
Q

what is the rate of cross-reactivity between cephs and pens

84
Q

what gen of cephs has a higher percentage of cross-allergenicity

A

1st gen (except cefazolin)
so just cephalexin goes up to 10%?

85
Q

what should you do in the future if someone is admitted to the ICU with anaphylaxis, interstitial nephritis, or delayed severe skin reactions from a ceph or pen

A

avoid ALL b-lactams

86
Q

if someone has a general rash or pruritus following use of a b-lactam what should you do in the future

A

avoid cephs with identical or similar R1 side chains

87
Q

what are the 5 cephs (one not) with a 5-NMTT side chain, confering unique side effects

A
  • cefamandole
  • cefotetan*
  • cefmetazole
  • cefoperazone
  • moxalactam
88
Q

what are the 2 unique AEs from cephs with a 5-NMTT side chain

A
  • hypoprothrombinemia
  • ethanol intolerance
89
Q

3 hematologic AEs for cephs

A
  • leukopenia
  • thrombocytopenia
  • neutropenia
90
Q

GI AEs with cephs (especially with one drug that you should name)

A
  • biliary sludging with ceftriaxone ***
  • C. diff too
91
Q

“other” AEs for cephs (2)

A
  • IV calcium and ceftriaxone precipitates
  • nonconvulsive status epilepticus
92
Q

what 3 drugs does she have next to nonconvulsive status epilepticus

A

cefepime
ceftazidime
cefiderocol

93
Q

T or F:
A patient who developed anaphylaxis to penicillin requiring ICU admission can safely receive any cephalosporin.

PHRM 865 (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions