Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PHRM 865 > E2 Erdman Cephalosporins > Flashcards

E2 Erdman Cephalosporins Flashcards

1
Q

which two cephalosporins are not eliminated in kidney

A

ceftriaxone
cefoperazone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T or F:
all cephalosporins are bactericidal

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

new cephalosporin _______, also acts as a siderosphere. and wtf does this mean

A

cefiderocol
helps get iron into cell for survival and growth. drug binds to free iron, uses iron to get into periplasmic space. cool kinda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T or F:
cephalosporins have the same 3 resistance mechs as penicillins

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T or F:
ampc inducibe b-lactamases are chromosomally mediated

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

only clinically relevant GP bacteria that produces b-lactmases

A

Staph a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

extra add on in carbon ring for cephalosporins helps drug to be more stable against what

A

beta lactamases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T or F
cefiderocol is intrinsically resistant to b-lactmases

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ceftaroline is the only cephalosporin active against MRSA

A

ok

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

1st gen cephs are most active against _____ _____ aerobes with good activity against a few ______ _____ aerobes

A

GP
GN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T or F:
cephs gain GP activity with an decrease in GN activity as you go up generations

A

false, other way around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T or F:
there is greater b-lactamase stability as you go up generations

A

tru

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

first gen cephalosporins:
GP aerobes (4)

A
  • group strep
  • viridans strep
  • pen-sus S. pneumoniae
  • meth-sus S. aureus***
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

know that the 1st generation have best activity amongst all cephs for GP aerobes

A

got it bro thanks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

first gen cephalosporins:
GN acronym

A

PEK
Proteus mirabilis
E. coli
Kleb pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

only two 1st gen cephs she wants us to know (slides)

A

cefazolin
cephalexin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cefazolin dosage form

A

parenteral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cephalexin dosage form

A

oral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

4 2nd gen cephs to know

A

Cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefprozil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which type of 2nd gen cephs are active against anaerobes

A

cephamycins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

2nd gen cephs have activity against the same bacteria as 1st gen, which 2 drugs are best for GP and which 2 are worst (this is also a good way to make sure you know all 4)

A

best: cefprozil, cefuroxime
worst: cefoxitin, cefotetan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

2nd gen cephs have expanded coverage over 1st gen, along with PEK what else is covered under 2nd gen?

A
  • H. influenzae (only b-lactamase negative strains)
  • Enterobacter spp (some)
  • Neisseria spp
    HENPECK
    (also mentions M. catarrhalis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what class and 3 drugs in that class are the ONLY cephalosporins to have activity against GN anaerobes?

A

Cephamycins.
- cefoxitin
- cefotetan
- cefmetazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what bacteria are the GN anaerobes that the 2nd gen cephamycins have activity against?

A

Bacteroides fragilis group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Best option for the GN anaerobic bacteria Bacteroides fragilis A. Cefoxitin B. Cefotetan C. Cefmetazole
A
26
T or F: 3rd gen cephs have increased GP and GN activity compared to prior gens
false, they have less GP coverage than 1st and 2nd but more GN aerobes
27
3 3rd gen cephs to know
- Ceftriaxone - Ceftazidime - cefpodoxime
28
only ceph(s) that have activity against PRSP: A. Ceftriaxone B. Cefpodoxime C. Cefotaxime D. Ceftazidime
A and C *****
29
acronym for GN activity of 3rd gen cephs
HENPECKSSS (wow) im just gonna break these down into different cards i think
30
Only ceph(s) to have activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ***** A. Ceftriaxone B. Cefpodoxime C. Cefotaxime D. Ceftazidime E. Cefoperazone
D and E
31
T or F: 2nd gen cephs cover b-lactamase producing H. influenzae and Neisseria while 3rd gens do not
false, other way around
32
T or F: 3rd gen cephs have very limited activity against GN anaerobes
true
33
only 4th gen ceph available
Cefepime
34
why is cefepime considered 4th gen?
extended SoA which includes many GP and GN aerobes
35
T or F: the 4th gen ceph, cefepime, has excellent coverage against anaerobes
FALSE
36
Cefepime GP coverage is the same as _________
ceftriaxone
37
T or F: cefepime covers B-lactamase producing enterobacter spp and e.coli
true
38
T or F: cefepime has coverage against pseudomonas aeruginosa
true
39
T or F: cefepime is a poor inducer of AmpC b-lactamase enzymes
true
40
known as the "anti-MRSA" ceph A. Ceftriaxone B. Cefpodoxime C. Ceftaroline D. Cefotaxime E. Ceftazidime
C
41
T or F: ceftaroline is unique b/c it covers both MRSA and pseudomonas aeruginosa
false, only MRSA*
42
T or F: ceftaroline has coverage against PRSP
true
43
"miscellaneous ceph"
cefiderocol
44
what GP bacteria does cefiderocol cover?
no clinically relevant activity
45
Cefiderocol has GN coverage similar to _______ but also includes some MDR strains that produce _____, _____, and _______ (sorry this is tough)
cefepime ESBLs AmpCs carbapenemases (KPCs,NDMs,VIM,OXA-48)
46
zerbaxa
ceph and b-lactamase inhibitor combo ceftolozane+tazobactam
47
Avycaz
ceph and b-lactamase inhibitor combo Ceftazidime+Avibactam *
48
ceftolozane+tazobactam GP coverage
only streptococci
49
ceftolozane+tazobactam GN coverage similar to _______ and also includes some _____ and _____
cefepime ESBls and AmpCs (AmpC producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa) **
50
Ceftazidime+Avibactam GP coverage
only streptococci
51
Ceftazidime+Avibactam GN coverage: similar to _______; also includes many _______, some ____, and _____/______
cefepime ESBLs AmpCs KPCs/OXAs
52
3 bolded things in handout that "cephalosporins are NOT active against"
- MRSA (except ceftaroline) - Enterococcus spp - Legionella pneumophila
53
Which cephalosporin is considered a potential drug of choice for infections due to MSSA? A. Ceftazidime B. Cefotetan C. Cefazolin D. Ceftolozane-Tazobactam E. Cefonicid
C
54
Which cephalosporin does NOT have activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa? A. Ceftriaxone B. Ceftazidime C. Cefepime D. Ceftolozane-Tazobactam E. Ceftazidime-Avibactam
A
55
clinically useful synergy cephalosporins: viridans streptococci
ceftriaxone + gent
56
clinically useful synergy cephalosporins: Staph aureus
cefazolin+gent
57
clinically useful synergy cephalosporins: GN aerobes
ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, or cefepime+gent/tobramycin/amikacin
58
oral cephs are _____ absorbed, but achieve (lower/higher), serum conc than parenteral products
well lower
59
T or F: food can influence absorption of cephs
true
60
T or F: concentrations in CSF not obtained with most 1st and 2nd gen cephs
true
61
there is one ceph and 2 generations that can achieve CSF concentrations, what are they
- PARENTERAL CEFUROXIME - 3rd and 4th gen agents
62
which ceph(s) are NOT eliminated by kidney A. Ceftriaxone B. Cefpodoxime C. Ceftaroline D. Cefotaxime E. Cefoperazone
A and E
63
what ceph has a half-life of 8 hours A. Ceftriaxone B. Cefpodoxime C. Ceftaroline D. Cefotaxime E. Ceftazidime
A
64
clinical uses, 1st gen cephs: infections due to _____ and for _________ __________
MSSA (GP), also word doc says streptococci * surgical prophylaxis
65
which first gen ceph is the drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis "remember this" A. Cefazolin B. Cephalexin
A
66
T or F: 1st gen cephs should be used for meningitis
false, NOT used
67
T or F: Cefuroxime penetrates the CSF and is recommended in tx of meningitis
false, it does penetrate but is no longer used for this indication
68
what 3 drugs have activity against GN aerobes AND anaerobes (review)
cefoxitin cefotetan cefmetazole
69
clinical uses 2nd gen cephs: (not including drug specific yet)
- sinusitis - otitis media - upper+lower RTI
70
clinical uses 2nd gen cephs: 2 drugs for polymicrobial infections or surgical prophylaxis for abdominal surgery
cefoxitin cefotetan
71
clinical uses 3rd gen cephs: which 2 drugs to use if pseudo a is known or suspected
ceftazidime cefoperazone
72
clinical uses 3rd gen cephs: which drug for uncomplicated gonorrhea, CAP, PRSP, or viridans strep endocarditis
ceftriaxone
73
clinical uses 3rd gen cephs: which 2 drugs have good coverage against GP aerobes
cefotaxime ceftriaxone
74
clinical uses for 4th gen ceph: just list what you can regarding indications for cefepime
- pneumonia - bacteremia - UTIs - skin+soft tissue - intraabdominal
75
clinical uses 4th gen ceph: cefepime is used for febrile neutropenia due to GN bacteria, what is the main bacteria you would want to use cefepime for
pseudomonas (has antipseudomonal activity)
76
clinical uses for ceftaroline (purposely leaving class out)
- skin and soft tissue infxns caused by MRSA ****
77
T or F: ceftaroline covers pseudomonas a
false, highlighted
78
clinical uses cefiderocol
current place in therapy is still being determined just know - complicated UTIs including pyelonephritis - HABP/VABP
79
why is the use of cefiderocol limited
- expensive as shit
80
if you were to spend the money to use cefiderocol, what would the indication be?
infections cause by resistant-GN bacteria (ESBL, AmpC, carbapenemases
81
clinical uses of ceph+b-lactamase inhibitor combos: both avycaz and zerbaxa are fda-approved for what 3 things
- complicated UTIs w/ pyelonephritis - complicated intra-abdominal infections (w/ metronidazole) - HABP/VABP
82
T or F: cephs have cross-allergenicity with pens
true
83
what is the rate of cross-reactivity between cephs and pens
1 to 5%
84
what gen of cephs has a higher percentage of cross-allergenicity
1st gen (except cefazolin) so just cephalexin goes up to 10%?
85
what should you do in the future if someone is admitted to the ICU with anaphylaxis, interstitial nephritis, or delayed severe skin reactions from a ceph or pen
avoid ALL b-lactams
86
if someone has a general rash or pruritus following use of a b-lactam what should you do in the future
avoid cephs with identical or similar R1 side chains
87
what are the 5 cephs (one not) with a 5-NMTT side chain, confering unique side effects
- cefamandole - cefotetan* - cefmetazole - cefoperazone - moxalactam
88
what are the 2 unique AEs from cephs with a 5-NMTT side chain
- hypoprothrombinemia - ethanol intolerance
89
3 hematologic AEs for cephs
- leukopenia - thrombocytopenia - neutropenia
90
GI AEs with cephs (especially with one drug that you should name)
- biliary sludging with ceftriaxone *** - C. diff too
91
"other" AEs for cephs (2)
- IV calcium and ceftriaxone precipitates - nonconvulsive status epilepticus
92
what 3 drugs does she have next to nonconvulsive status epilepticus
cefepime ceftazidime cefiderocol
93
T or F: A patient who developed anaphylaxis to penicillin requiring ICU admission can safely receive any cephalosporin.
F

PHRM 865 (40 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions