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PHRM 865 > E2 Erdman Antibiotic class review > Flashcards

E2 Erdman Antibiotic class review Flashcards

1
Q

MOA for penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams (all the same)

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis
by binding to and inhibiting
PBPs

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2
Q

MOA for fluoroquinolones

A

Inhibit dna synthesis by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerases

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3
Q

MOA for macrolides

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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4
Q

MOA for aminoglycosides

A

inhibits protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to 30S ribosomal subunits

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5
Q

MOA for vancomycin and dalbavancin

A

inhibits 2nd stage of cell wall synthesis by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala cell wall precursors

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6
Q

MOA for quinupristin and dalfopristin

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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7
Q

MOA for linezolid and tedizolid

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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8
Q

MOA for daptomycin

A

causes membrane depolarization by inserting lipophilic tail in cell wall

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9
Q

MOA for telavancin and oritavancin

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to D-Ala-D-Ala cell wall precursors AND causes membrane depolarization by inserting lipophilic tail in cell wall

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10
Q

MOA for tetracyclines and tetracycline analogs

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit

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11
Q

MOA for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

A

sequential inhibition of microbial folic acid synthesis pathway by inhibiting bacterial dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydrofolate reductase

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12
Q

MOA for polymyxins

A

binds to phospholipids in cell membrane causing displacement of Ca and Mg which leads to changes in cell wall permeability and leakage of cellular contents

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13
Q

MOA of clindamycin

A

inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits

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14
Q

MOA of metronidazole

A

prodrug activated by ferredoxins whose activated metabolites damage bacterial DNA

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15
Q

3 mechs of resistance for penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams (all the same) (one different thing with mono tho)

A
  • b lactamases
  • altered PBPs
  • decreased pen through outer cell membrane (GNO)
  • MONO ONLY: lacks altered PBPs
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16
Q

3 mechs of resistance for fluoroquinolones

A
  • mutation in genes that code for DNA gyrase or topo IV (change in binding sites)
  • efflux pumps
  • dec pen through outer cell membrane (GNO)
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17
Q

2 resistance mechs for macrolides

A
  • efflux (med)
  • change in ribosomal binding site (erm)
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18
Q

3 resistance mechs for aminoglycosides

A
  • altered uptake
  • synthesis of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes
  • alteration in ribosomal binding sites (strepto)
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19
Q

1 resistance mech for vancomycin/dalbavancin

A

modification of the D-Ala-D-Ala binding site

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20
Q

1 resistance mech for quinupristin/dalfopristin

A

alteration in ribosomal binding site

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21
Q

1 resistance mech for linezolid/tedizolid

A

alteration in ribosomal binding site (rare)

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22
Q

1 resistance mech for daptomycin

A

altered cell membrane binding through loss of membrane protein

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23
Q

1 resistance mech for telavancin/oritavancin

A

modification of D-Ala-D-Ala vanco binding site

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24
Q

3 resistance mechs for tetracyclines

A
  • tetracycline-specific efflux pumps
  • ribosomal protection proteins
  • enzymatic inactivation
25
Q

1 resistance mech for tetracycline analogs

A

multidrug efflux pump

26
Q

1 resistance mech for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

A

mutation in dihydrofolate reductase or dihydropteroate synthase

27
Q

1 resistance mech for polymyxins

A

alteration in outer cell membrane (dec in Ca or Mg content, dec in lipopolysaccharide content, dec in outer membrane proteins)

28
Q

1 resistance mech for clindaymycin

A

alteration in ribosomal binding site

29
Q

2 resistance mechs for metronidazole

A
  • altered growth requirements
  • reduced transcription of ferredoxin gene
30
Q

any beta-lactam class
A. Bactericidal
B. Bacteriostatic

31
Q

fluoroquinolones
A. Bactericidal
B. Bacteriostatic

32
Q

macrolides
A. Bactericidal
B. Bacteriostatic

33
Q

aminoglycosides
A. Bactericidal
B. Bacteriostatic

34
Q

vancomycin/dalbavancin
A. Bactericidal
B. Bacteriostatic

35
Q

quinupristin/dalfopristin
A. Bactericidal
B. Bacteriostatic

36
Q

Linezolid/Tedizolid
A. Bactericidal
B. Bacteriostatic

37
Q

daptomycin
A. Bactericidal
B. Bacteriostatic

38
Q

telavancin/oritavancin
A. Bactericidal
B. Bacteriostatic

39
Q

tetracyclines
A. Bactericidal
B. Bacteriostatic

40
Q

tetracyclines analogs
A. Bactericidal
B. Bacteriostatic

41
Q

trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
A. Bactericidal
B. Bacteriostatic

42
Q

polymyxins
A. Bactericidal
B. Bacteriostatic

43
Q

Clindamycin
A. Bactericidal
B. Bacteriostatic

44
Q

Metronidazole
A. Bactericidal
B. Bacteriostatic

45
Q

all beta-lactams
A. Time dependent
B. Conc dependent

46
Q

fluoroquinolones
A. Time dependent
B. Conc dependent

46
Q

macrolides
A. Time dependent
B. Conc dependent

A

A (azithromycin may be conc vs some organisms)

46
Q

aminoglycosides
A. Time dependent
B. Conc dependent

47
Q

vancomycin/dalbavancin
A. Time dependent
B. Conc dependent

48
Q

Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
A. Time dependent
B. Conc dependent

49
Q

Linezolid/Tedizolid
A. Time dependent
B. Conc dependent

A

TRICK, L=time, T=conc

50
Q

daptomycin
A. Time dependent
B. Conc dependent

51
Q

telavancin/oritavancin
A. Time dependent
B. Conc dependent

52
Q

tetracyclines
A. Time dependent
B. Conc dependent

53
Q

tetracycline analogs
A. Time dependent
B. Conc dependent

54
Q

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
A. Time dependent
B. Conc dependent

55
Q

polymyxins
A. Time dependent
B. Conc dependent

56
Q

clindamycin
A. Time dependent
B. Conc dependent

57
Q

metronidazole
A. Time dependent
B. Conc dependent

PHRM 865 (16 decks)

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