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Sp24 - Head/Neck Anatomy > (E2) 1 - Face and Scalp > Flashcards

(E2) 1 - Face and Scalp Flashcards

Exam 2 - Schroeder

1
Q

______ lines frequently correspond to wrinkles.

A

Tension

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2
Q

What can be exploited as flaps for scalp, facial, and intraoral reconstruction?

A

Tension lines and underlying neuro vasculature

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3
Q

What are the tissue layers in the body? - 7

A
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4
Q

Scalp: Head region from _______ to __________

A
  • superior aspect of forehead
  • superior nuchal line
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5
Q

Scalp: Extends laterally to ______ and _______

A
  • zygomatic arch
  • external acoustic meatus
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6
Q

What are the layers of the scalp?

A
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7
Q

Layers of the Scalp: Describe the Skin

A
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8
Q

Layers of the Scalp: Describe the Connective Tissue

A
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9
Q

Layers of the Scalp: Describe the aponeurosis

A
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10
Q

Layers of the Scalp: Describe the Loose Connective Tissue

A
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11
Q

Layers of the Scalp: Describe the Pericranium

A
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12
Q

What are emissary veins?

A

Communication between superficial veins and the second layer of connective tissue.

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13
Q

Is there deep fascia in the face?

A

No

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14
Q

Most facial muscles are embedded in superficial fascia called _______

A

SMAS - superficial musculo-aponeurotic system

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15
Q

SMAS is continuous with what two muscles?

A

Occipitofrontalis and Platysma

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16
Q

On the lateral aspect of the head, ________ fascia is also found continuous with SMAS

A

Temporoparietal Fascia

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17
Q

Where are auricular muscles found?

A

Embedded within the superficial fascia

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18
Q

Most facial muscles are embedded within ______

A

SMAS

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19
Q

What does cranial nerve VII innervate?

A
  • motor to the face and ..
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20
Q

On the face, is the facial nerve sensory or motor?

A

MOTOR only

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21
Q

What nerve conveys sensation from the skin of the ear?

A

Posterior Auricular Nerve

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22
Q

What nerve courses directly to stylohyoid as a branch from facial nerve?

A

Nerve to stylohyoid

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23
Q

What nerve courses directly to the posterior digastric as a branch from the facial nerve?

A

Nerve to posterior digastric

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24
Q

Describe the course and innervation of the posterior auricular nerve

A
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25
Q

Within the parotid gland, the facial nerve splits into _____ and ______

A
  • Superior temporofacial
  • Inferior cervicofacial
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26
Q

What are the five main branches of the facial nerve?

A
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27
Q

Describe the course and innervation: Temporal Branch of Facial Nerve

A
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28
Q

Describe the course and innervation: Zygomatic Branch of Facial Nerve

A
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29
Q

Describe the course and innervation: Buccal Branch of Facial Nerve

A
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30
Q

Describe the course and innervation: Mandibular (marginal) Branch of Facial Nerve

A
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31
Q

Describe the course and innervation: Cervical Branch of Facial Nerve

A
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32
Q

Sensation from the face is conveyed by the _____

A

trigeminal nerve (CN V)

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33
Q

The ______ conveys sensation from the anterolateral neck and head.

A

Cervical Plexus

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34
Q

________ convey sensation from the occipital and posterior neck.

A

Dorsal Rami

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35
Q

What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A
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36
Q

What are the three branches of the ophthalmic nerve?

A
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37
Q

Frontal nerve splits into ____ more lateral and ______ more medial

A
  • supraorbital nerve
  • supratrochlear nerve
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38
Q

Emergence and Innervation: Supraorbital Nerve

A
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39
Q

Supraorbital nerve runs with what artery and vein?

A

Courses with supraorbital artery and vein

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40
Q

Emergence and Innervation: Supratrochlear Nerve

A
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41
Q

Supratrochlear nerve runs with what artery and vein?

A

Courses with supratrochlear artery and vein

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42
Q

What is the smallest branch of the ophthalmic nerve?

A

Lacrimal Nerve

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43
Q

Lacrimal Nerve: What does it innervate and receive fibers from?

A
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44
Q

Lacrimal nerve runs with what artery and vein?

A

Courses adjacent to lacrimal artery and vein.

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45
Q

What branches off the lacrimal nerve? - What is its course and what does it convey sensation from?

A
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46
Q

Nasociliary Nerve: Course

A
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47
Q

Infratrochlear Nerve: Branch of what? Where does it convey sensation?

A
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48
Q

What artery does the infratrochlear nerve run with?

A

Dorsal nasal artery

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49
Q

External Nasal Nerve: Branch of what? Emerges from? Conveys sensation from?

A
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50
Q

What artery and vein does the external nasal nerve course with?

A

External nasal artery and vein

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51
Q

Maxillary Nerve (V2): Course and Branches

A
  • bold relative to the face *
52
Q

What does the zygomatic nerve branch into? - 2

A
  • zygomaticotemporal nerve
  • zygomaticofacial nerve
53
Q

Zygomaticotemporal nerve: Course and Sensation

54
Q

Zygomaticofacial nerve: Course and Sensation

55
Q

Infraorbital Nerve: Course? Branches?

56
Q

What artery and vein does the infraorbital nerve course with?

A

Infraorbital artery and vein

57
Q

What are the branches of the infraorbital nerve?

A
  • inferior palpebral branch
  • nasal branch
  • superior labial branch
58
Q

Inferior Palpebral Branch: Course and Sensation

59
Q

Nasal Branch: Course and Sensation

60
Q

Superior Labial Branch: Course and Sensation

61
Q

Mandibular Nerve (V3): Course, Divisions and Sensation (what muscles also)

A
  • innervates muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, and anterior digastric
62
Q

Auriculotemporal Nerve: Where does it course and split? What does it divide into?

63
Q

What artery and vein does the auriculotemporal nerve sit posterior to?

A

Superficial temporal artery and vein

64
Q

Mental Nerve: Continuation of _____. Emerges and conveys sensation from?

A
  • inferior alveolar nerve
65
Q

What artery and vein does the mental nerve course with?

A

Mental artery and vein

66
Q

Buccal Nerve: Course and conveys sensation from? What artery and vein does it course near?

67
Q

Facial Artery: What does it branch from? What is the course?

68
Q

Facial Vein: Where does it sit, and what does it join with?

69
Q

What are the branches of the facial artery?

A
  • Superior labial artery
  • Inferior labial artery
  • Lateral nasal artery
  • Angular artery
70
Q

Superior Labial Artery: Supplies? Branch? Courses with?

71
Q

Inferior Labial Artery: Supplies? Arises near? Courses with?

72
Q

Lateral Nasal Artery: Supplies? Courses with?

73
Q

Angular Artery: Course towards? Courses with?

74
Q

Superficial Temporal Artery: Continuation of? Arises where? Branch?

75
Q

Transverse Facial Artery: Branch off of? Course?

76
Q

What forms the retromandibular vein?

A

Superficial temporal vein merges with maxillary vein.

77
Q

Posterior auricular and occipital arteries are branches of ______

A

External carotid artery

78
Q

Posterior Auricular Artery: Course

79
Q

The posterior auricular vein joins the posterior division of the ______ vein to form the _________

A
  • retromandibular vein
  • external jugular vein
80
Q

Occipital Artery: Course?

81
Q

________ nerve courses inferolateral occipital artery near its origin from the external carotid artery.

A

Hypoglossal

82
Q

______ is a venous network in the infratemporal fossa

A

Pterygoid plexus

83
Q

______ connects facial vein to pterygoid plexus

A

deep facial vein

84
Q

Branches of superior ophthalmic artery?

85
Q

Superior ophthalmic artery is a branch of ______

A

internal carotid artery

86
Q

Supraorbital and supratrochlear veins unite to empty into facial vein but also empty into _______ veins

A

Ophthalmic veins

87
Q

_____ and _______ communicate directly with cavernous sinus and pterygoid
plexus

A
  • superior ophthalmic
  • inferior ophthalmic veins
88
Q

________ vein connects with
pterygoid plexus

A

Infraorbital vein

89
Q

Large venous plexus on either side of the sphenoid bone in between layers of dura

A

Cavernous sinus

  • this matters because the facial vein has no valves - blood can flow in any direction
90
Q

What is the dangerous triangle?

A

Infection arises from any area within the triangle and can spread to the cavernous sinus.

91
Q

What are the muscles of the face referred to as?

A

Mimetic Muscles

92
Q

What is the main function of the muscles of the face?

A

Primarily function as sphincter and dilators of facial orifices.

93
Q

Facial muscles are derived from ________

A

the second branchial arch

94
Q

Facial muscles are innervated by the ______

A

Facial Nerve

95
Q

Facial muscles are subdivided roughly around facial _____

96
Q

What muscles make up the Epicranial group?

A
  • Occipitofrontalis
  • Temporoparietalis
  • Auricularis
97
Q

Location and Function: Occipitofrontalis

A

Bellies: 2 occipital and 2 frontal parts

98
Q

Location and Function: Temporoparietalis

A
  • superficial to temporalis muscle
99
Q

Location and Function: Auricularis

A
  • superficial to temporalis muscle
100
Q

What muscles make up the Orbital Group?

A
  • orbicularis oculi
  • corrugator supercilia
  • levator palpebrae superioris (not technically, it is within the orbit)
101
Q

What is orbicularis oculi, and what are its 4 parts?

102
Q

Location and Function: Orbital Part of Orbicularis Oculi

103
Q

Location and Function: Depressor Supercilii Part of Orbicularis Oculi

104
Q

Location and Function: Palpebral Part of Orbicularis Oculi

105
Q

Location and Function: Lacrimal Part of Orbicularis Oculi

106
Q

Location and Function: Corrugator Supercilii

107
Q

What muscles make up the nasal group?

108
Q

Location and Function: Procerus Muscle

109
Q

Location and Function: Nasalis Muscle - Transverse Part

110
Q

Location and Function: Nasalis Muscle - Alar Part

111
Q

Location and Function: Depressor Septi

112
Q

Location and Function: Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi (Levator Nasolabialis)

113
Q

What muscles make up the oral (buccolabial) group? - 10

114
Q

Location and Function: Levator Labii Superioris

115
Q

Location and Function: Levator Anguli Oris

116
Q

Location and Function: Zygomaticus Major

117
Q

Location and Function: Zygomaticus Minor

118
Q

Location and Function: Risorius

119
Q

Location and Function: Orbicularis Oris

120
Q

Location and Function: Depressor Anguli Oris

121
Q

Location and Function: Depressor Labii Inferioris

122
Q

Location and Function: Mentalis

123
Q

Location and Function: Buccinator

124
Q

Buccinator - What is the Pterygomandibular Raphe?

125
Q

Location and Innervation: Platysma

Sp24 - Head/Neck Anatomy (15 decks)

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