(E1) 2 - Introduction to the Neck Flashcards
Exam 1
List the 3 cervical “fascias” in order from outermost to innermost.
Skin
Superficial Fascia
Deep Fascia
What is found in the superficial fascia?
- cutaneous nerves and vessels
- fat - variable
- muscles of facial expression
What is the deep fascia?
- CT fibrous tissue that envelopes muscle, vessels, and organs
- attachment points for skull and mandible
What is investing fascia?
The superficial layer of deep fascia
What are the three categories for muscles of the neck?
- Superficial
- Suprahyoid = above hyoid bone
- Infrahyoid = below hyoid bone
What are the superficial muscles of the neck?
- Platysma
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Trapezius
What is Platysma innervated by?
Cranial Nerve VII
What is the Platysma muscle responsible for?
Muscle of facial expression - only moves skin
(from mandible to skin of chest)
What are the attachments for SCM? (2 Heads)
O: manubrium of sternum and medial 1/3 of clavicle
I: lateral aspect of mastoid process and superior nuchal line
What is the innervation for SCM?
Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
What is the actions of SCM?
- Bilateral = flex neck
- Unilateral - face turns to opposite side, chin up
What two muscles divide the neck into spaces?
SCM and Trapezius
Where does the Trapezius muscle have attachments?
To vertebral column, scapula and skull, clavicle and manubrium
What is the innervation to Trapezius?
Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
What is the function of the human hyoid bone?
- Maintains open airway
(Anchored by muscular attachments)
What connects the hyoid bone to the thyroid cartilage?
Thyrohyoid membrane
What two vessels pierce the thyrohyoid membrane?
- Superior Laryngeal Artery
- Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
What are the 4 muscles that makeup the suprahyoid muscles of the neck?
- Mylohyoid
- Geniohyoid
- Stylohyoid
- Digastric
What is the action of all suprahyoid muscles?
All elevate the hyoid
What innervates Mylohyoid m.?
Nerve to Mylohyoid
(V3 from CN V)
Where does the mylohyoid muscle attach?
Mandible and hyoid bone
Where can you find the mylohyoid muscle?
Floor of the oral cavity
- has a midline raphe joining the two sides
What innervates the Geniohyoid m.?
Ventral Rami C1
Where does the geniohyoid muscle attach?
Mandible and hyoid
Where can you find the geniohyoid muscle?
Floor of the oral cavity
What innervates the stylohyoid m.?
Cranial Nerve VII
Where does the stylohyoid muscle attach?
Styloid process and hyoid
Describe the location of the Stylohyoid muscle
Wraps around tendon of posterior digastric muscle
Describe the anterior and posterior innervations for the Digastric muscle.
Anterior - Innervated by CN V3
Posterior - Innervated by CN VII
What two muscles make up the muscular floor of the oral cavity?
Mylohyoid - V3
Geniohyoid - C1 ventral rami
What muscles make up the infrahyoid muscles of the neck?
- Sternohyoid
- Omohyoid
- Sternothyroid
- Thyrohyoid
What is the action of all infrahyoid muscles?
Depresses hyoid
What is the ansa cervicalis?
“loops of the neck”
- C1, C2, and C3
What nerves supplies the sternohyoid, omohyoid and sternothyroid muscles?
Ansa cervicalis
What nerve supplies the thyrohyoid muscles?
C1 - nerve to Thyrohyoid
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?
Post border of SCM
Ant border of trapezius
Middle 1/3 of clavicle
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?
Ant border of SCM
Inf border of mandible
Ant midline
What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?
submandibular
submental
carotid
muscular
Muscles Diagram - Triangles
What two muscles are used to mark the outlines of the triangles of the neck?
Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid
