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Sp24 - Head/Neck Anatomy > (E1) 5 - The Parotid Fossa > Flashcards

(E1) 5 - The Parotid Fossa Flashcards

Exam 1

1
Q

What is the shape of the parotid gland?

A

Wedge

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2
Q

What is the medial boundary of the parotid gland?

A

The styloid process

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3
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the parotid gland?

A

Superficial parotid fascia

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4
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the parotid gland?

A
  • Masseter Muscle
  • Ramus & Neck of the mandible
  • Stylomandibular fascia (part of deep parotid fascia)
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5
Q

What does the stylomandibular fascia connect?

A

The mandible to the styloid process

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6
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the parotid gland?

A
  • SCM
  • Posterior Digastric Muscle
  • Stylohyoid muscle
  • deep fascia of these muscles
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7
Q

What is the superior limit of the parotid gland?

A

Superficial parotid fascia

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8
Q

What is the inferior limit of the parotid gland?

A

Angular tract (between angle of mandible and SCM)

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9
Q

Image of the Parotid Gland

A
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10
Q

What are the 3 main parotid bed fascia’s?

A
  • Superficial fascia
  • Superficial parotid fascia
  • Deep parotid fascia
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11
Q

What is the superficial parotid fascia?

A

Deep fascia but superficial to the parotid; continuation of the investing fascia of the neck

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12
Q

What is the deep parotid fascia?

A

(continuation) Stylomandibular fascia - fascia surrounding stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric and connecting to SCM and styloid process (deep to parotid)

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13
Q

What are the contents of the parotid fossa?

A
  • Parotid gland
  • Facial Nerve VII
  • External carotid artery and branches
  • Retromandibular vein and its branches
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14
Q

Describe the type of gland the parotid gland is

A

Pure serous and encapsulated

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15
Q

What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve?

A

(ten zebras bit my cookies)

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16
Q

Which fascia encapsulate the parotid galnd?

A

Deep parotid fascia and superficial parotid fascia

17
Q

What is the angular tract?

A

Inferior junction of superficial and deep fascias - separates the parotid gland (posterior) from submandibular gland (anterior)

18
Q

Where does the parotid duct exit?

A

Anterior aspect of parotid gland thru the superficial fascia. Crosses masseter; turns medially and pierces buccinator muscle

19
Q

Where does the parotid duct empty?

A

Into oral cavity via parotid papilla (max 2nd molar)

20
Q

What is the sensory innervation for the parotid gland?

A
  • Great auricular nerve (cervical plexus)
  • Auriculotemporal nerve (Branch of CN V)
21
Q

Where does Great Auricular supply sensory information?

22
Q

What does the Auriculotemporal nerve supply?

23
Q

*** Describe in order the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland. (8 steps)

A
  1. Glossopharyngeal N. exits the brain through the jugular foramen
  2. Passes through a GSA ganglion but does not communicate because it is GVE (parasymp)
  3. The tympanic branch of IX comes off and goes back into the skull via the tympanic canaliculus
  4. Makes its way to the middle ear and forms the Tympanic plexus
  5. Coming off the tympanic plexus is the lesser petrosal nerve (preganglionic)
  6. Lesser petrosal nerve travels through foramen ovale and makes its way to the otic ganglion (parasymp ganglion)
  7. Synapse at the otic ganglion. Postganglionic fibers come off and join the auriculotemporal nerve (V3)
  8. Make their way to the parotid gland.
    (now have sensory as well as sensory with GVE)
24
Q

What are the external carotid branches found in the parotid fossa?

A
  • Superficial temporal arteries (posterior and anterior) (runs with auriculotemporal n.)
  • Transverse facial artery (branch of the superficial temporal)
  • Maxillary A. (deep to mandible)
  • Posterior Auricular A.
25
Q

What veins form the retromandibular vein?

26
Q

The anterior division of the retromandibular vein joins the ____ vein to form the ________ and drains into _______

A

Facial Vein
Common Facial Vein
Jugular Vein

27
Q

The posterior division of the retromandibular vein joins the ____ vein to form the ________

A

Posterior Auricular
External Jugular Vein

28
Q

Describe the pathway of Facial Nerve (VII)

A
  • Exits stylomastoid foramen
  • passes between and innervates posterior digastric and stylohyoid
29
Q

Is the facial nerve sensory or motor?

A

MOTOR ONLY - to muscles of facial expression

30
Q

Does the facial nerve provide any innervation to the parotid gland?

A

No - but it passes thru it

31
Q

Within the gland, the facial nerve divides into what?

A
  • Temporofacial branch
  • Cervicofacial branch
32
Q

________ divides the parotid into superficial and deep fascias

A

CN VII - Facial Nerve

33
Q

What is Parotitis?

A

Infection of the parotid gland

  • often caused by bacteria (xerostomia)
  • typically bilateral, can be uni
34
Q

What virus causes mumps?

A

Paramyxovirus

35
Q

Describe the symptoms associated with Mumps

36
Q

What is a sialolith?

A

Salivary calculus or stone

37
Q

What is the most common form of a parotid tumor?

A

Pleomorphic adenoma - typically benign

38
Q

What is Bell’s palsy?

A

Unilateral facial paralysis due to facial nerve involvement
(prognosis: weeks to months)

Sp24 - Head/Neck Anatomy (15 decks)

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