(E1) 3 - Anterior Triangle Flashcards
Exam 1
What are the 5 veins found in the anterior triangle?
- external jugular
- retromandibular branches
- facial
- common facial
- internal jugular
What are the 6 nerves found in the anterior triangle?
- cervical plexus (and c1-3 = ansa cervicalis)
- mylohyoid (V3)
- cervical branch of facial (VII)
- vagus
- accessory (XI)
- hypoglossal (XII)
What are the 5 arteries that come off of the external carotid artery?
- ascending pharyngeal
- superior thyroid
- lingual
- facial
- occipital
What are the 3 main arteries found in the anterior triangle?
- common carotid
- internal carotid (no branches in the neck)
- external carotid (5 branches)
Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate in the neck?
C3
What is the roof to all the triangles within the anterior triangle?
Skin, superficial fascia/platysma, and deep fascia
Where is the submental triangle?
Unpaired - gap between anterior digastric
What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?
What are the contents of the submental triangle?
What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?
- anterior border of SCM
- the superior belly of omohyoid
- midline of body
What is the floor of the muscular triangle?
Sternohyoid and sternothyroid
What are the contents of the muscular triangle?
- Strap muscles
- branches of Ansa cervicalis
- Larynx
- trachea
- thyroid gland
- parathyroid glands
- esophagus
- superior thyroid artery and vein
- inferior thyroid vein
- anterior jugular vein
- submental lymph nodes
What is the thyroid gland and where do you find it?
2 lobes joined together in the midline by an isthmus (2/3 tracheal rings)
- C5 is the superior limit, T1 is the inferior limit (sits on the anterior of the body
Where would you find the parathyroid glands?
Sits on the posterior surface of the body
What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?
What makes up the floor of the carotid triangle?
Hyoglossus muscle
Thyrohyoid muscle
(below wrap around the throat from the posterior)
Middle constrictor muscle
Inferior constrictor muscle
What makes up the roof of the carotid trangle?
- Skin
- superficial fascia/platysma
- deep (investing) fascia
What are the 3 main arteries found in the carotid triangle?
- Common carotid
- internal carotid artery
- external carotid artery
Where does the common carotid artery bifurcate?
C3
Does the internal carotid artery branch in the neck?
No - enters the skull through the carotid canal
What can be found behind the bifurcation of the common carotid artery?
Carotid Sinus and Carotid bodies
What are the branches of the external carotid artery?
What are the 5 veins found in the carotid triangle?
- internal jugular
- common facial
- lingual
- superior thyroid
- middle thyroid
What does the internal jugular vein unite with?
Unites with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein
Where do all veins from the carotid triangle empty into?
All empty into the internal jugular vein
What two veins unite to form the common facial vein?
Facial and anterior of retromandibular vein
What are the 6 nerves found in the carotid triangle?
Where does the superior laryngeal nerve come from and what are its branches?
Comes off of vagus
Branches into: internal and external laryngeal branches
What nerve does the ventral rami of C1 run with?
Hypoglossal Nerve XII
(it is not a branch!!!)
What does the sympathetic trunk lie behind?
Behind carotid sheath
What is the ventral rami of C1 also called?
Nerve to the thyrohoid
What are the contents of the carotid sheath.
- internal jugular vein
- vagus nerve X
- common carotid (lower part) and/or internal carotid (upper part)
- deep cervical lymph nodes
What is the carotid sheath made up of?
Deep fascia including superficial, middle and deep layers
What are the attachments for the carotid sheath?
Base of the skull and merges with the CT around the arch of the aorta
The hypoglossal nerve makes an anterior bend and runs under the ________ artery
Occipital
The hypoglossal nerves crosses over the _______ artery
Lingual
The hypoglossal nerve travels underneath ______________ (muscle)
Posterior digastric
C1 travels with hypoglossal to the ___________
thyrohyoid
What are the visceral structures found in the carotid triangle?
- larynx
- thyroid
- deep cervical lymph nodes (assoc with internal jugular)
What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?
What muscles make up the floor of the submandibular triangle?
- mylohyoid
- hyoglossus
- middle pharyngeal constrictor (posterior aspect)
OIN: Mylohyoid muscle
O: mylohyoid line of mandible
I: midline raphe from chin to hyoid
N: nerve to mylohyoid (V3)
OIN: Hyoglossus muscle
O: greater horn of hyoid
I: lateral surface of tongue
I: Hypoglossal N (XII)
OIN: Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor
O: greater horn of hyoid and stylohyoid ligament
I: other side of muscle at midline raphe
N: Pharyngeal plexus (CN X and XI)
What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?
Name the vessels found in the submandibular trunk. (arteries, veins and nerves)
Facial A
Facial V
Hypoglossal N (XII)
Mylohyoid N (V3)
Small Part: - lingual artery and lingual N.
What branches off of the facial artery and what does it supply?
Submental Artery - supplies gland and face
What artery does the mylohyoid nerve parallel?
Submental artery
