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Sp24 - Head/Neck Anatomy > (E1) 1 - Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

(E1) 1 - Cranial Nerves Flashcards

Exam 1

1
Q

Where do the cranial nerves arise from?

A

The CNS

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2
Q

What are the 3 regions of the brainstem?

A

Mibrain
Pons
Medulla

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3
Q

What is the brainstem?

A

The transition between the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

Label the purple, green, and blue areas

A

Midbrain - Purple
Pons - Green
Medulla - Blue

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5
Q

Where is the caudal end of the brainstem found?

A

At the foramen magnum

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6
Q

What is Cranial Nerve I?

A

Olfactory Nerve

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7
Q

What is the olfactory nerve made up of?

A

Axons of the olfactory receptor neurons.

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8
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the olfactory receptor neurons located? And where do the axons pass through?

A

In the nasal cavity - axons pass through the cribriform plate

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9
Q

The olfactory tract and bulb lie on what?

A

The ventral surface of the frontal lobes

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10
Q

Where do fibers of the olfactory nerve terminate?

A

In the olfactory cortex

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11
Q

Do fibers of the olfactory nerve emerge from the brainstem?

A

No - emerges from the Telencephalon

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12
Q

What does the olfactory nerve convey?

A

Conveys smell

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13
Q

What is Cranial Nerve II?

A

Optic Nerve

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14
Q

What does the optic nerve convey?

A

Conveys sight

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15
Q

Do fibers of the optic nerve emerge from the brainstem?

A

No - emerges from the diencephalon

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16
Q

What does the optic nerve pass through?

A

The optic canal

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17
Q

What is cranial nerve III?

A

Oculomotor Nerve

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18
Q

What does the oculomotor nerve pass thorugh?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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19
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve emerge from?

A

The anterior aspect of the midbrain

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20
Q

What does the oculomotor nerve innervate?

A

Extraocular muscles
ciliary muscle
pupillary constrictor

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21
Q

What is cranial nerve IV?

A

Trochlear Nerve

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22
Q

Where does the Trochlear Nerve emerge from?

A

Posterior aspect of the midbrain

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23
Q

What does the Trochlear Nerve pass through?

A

Superior Orbital Fissure

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24
Q

What does the Trochlear Nerve innervate?

A

1 extraocular eye muscle

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25
Q

What is a unique feature of the Trochlear Nerve?

A
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26
Q

Where does the Trochlear Nerve emerge from and how does it run?

A

Emerges from posterior midbrain, inferior to inferior colliculus

Wraps lateral around the brainstem

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27
Q

What is Cranial Nerve V?

A

Trigeminal Nerve

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28
Q

Where does the Trigeminal Nerve emerge from?

A

Lateral aspect of the pons

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29
Q

What are the 3 branches of the Trigeminal Nerve?

A

V1 - Ophthalmic Nerve
V2 - Maxillary Nerve
V3 - Mandibular Nerve

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30
Q

What does the Ophthalmic Nerve pass through?

A

The superior orbital fissure

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31
Q

What does the Ophthalmic nerve convey sensation from?

A

Forehead to the upper eyelid, including the eye

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32
Q

What does the Maxillary Nerve pass through?

A

Foramen rotundum

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33
Q

What does the maxillary nerve convey sensation from?

A

From lower eyelid to upper lip, including palate and maxillary teeth

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34
Q

What does the mandibular nerve pass through?

A

Foramen Ovale

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35
Q

What does the mandibular nerve convey sensation from?

A

Lower lip to chin, including tongue and mandibular teeth

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36
Q

What does the mandibular nerve innervate?

A

Muscles of mastication and 1 middle ear muscle

37
Q

Diagram - Face sensation broken down

38
Q

What is Cranial Nerve VI?

A

Abducens Nerve

39
Q

Where does the Abducens Nerve emerge?

A

Most medial nerve at ponto-medullary junction

40
Q

What does the Abducens Nerve pass through?

A

The superior orbital fissure

41
Q

Describe the course of the Abducens Nerve

A

Courses rostrally along ventral surface of pons

42
Q

What does the Abducens Nerve innervate?

A

1 extraocular muscle

43
Q

What is Cranial Nerve VII?

A

Facial Nerve

44
Q

Where does the Facial Nerve emerge?

A

Emerges as middle nerve at ponto-medullary junction (just medial to vestibulocochlear nerve)

45
Q

What does the Facial Nerve pass through?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

46
Q

What does the Facial Nerve convey sensation from?

A

Conveys sensation from the ear, conveys taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, innervates muscles of facial expression, 2 suprahyoid muscles, 1 middle ear muscle, lacrimal glands, sublingual and submandibular glands

47
Q

What is Cranial Nerve VIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

48
Q

Where does the Vestibulocochlear Nerve emerge?

A

Most lateral at ponto-medullary junction

49
Q

What does the Vestibulocochlear Nerve pass through?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

50
Q

What does the Vestibulocochlear Nerve convey?

A

Sound, equilibrium, and motion

51
Q

Define Pyramids and Olives in the Ventral Medulla

A

Pyramids - Medial elevations
Olives - Lateral Elevations

52
Q

What is Cranial Nerve IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

53
Q

Where does the Glossopharyngeal Nerve emerge from?

A

Medulla, lateral to olive, rostral to vagus nerve

54
Q

What does the Glossopharyngeal Nerve pass through?

A

Jugular foramen

55
Q

What does the Glossopharyngeal Nerve convey sensation and taste from? What else does it innervate?

A

posterior 1/3 of the tongue, innervates
parotid gland, 1 pharyngeal muscle

56
Q

What is Cranial Nerve X?

A

Vagus Nerve

57
Q

Where does the Vagus Nerve emerge from?

A

Medulla, lateral to olive, caudal to Glossopharyngeal Nerve.

58
Q

What does the Vagus Nerve pass through?

A

Jugular foramen

59
Q

What does the Vagus Nerve innervate AND convey sensation from?

A

thoracic and abdominal viscera

60
Q

What does the Vagus Nerve only innervate?

A

pharyngeal, laryngeal and
esophageal muscles

61
Q

What does the Vagus Nerve only convey sensation from?

A

pharynx, larynx,
trachea, esophagus, and ear

62
Q

What is Cranial Nerve XI?

A

Accessory Nerve

63
Q

What does the Accessory Nerve emerge from?

A

Spinal cord and medulla

64
Q

What does the Accessory Nerve pass through?

A

Jugular Foramen

65
Q

What does the Accessory Nerve innervate?

A

Trapezius and 1 neck muscle

66
Q

What is Cranial Nerve XII?

A

Hypoglossal Nerve

67
Q

What does the Hypoglossal Nerve emerge from?

A

Medulla between olive and pyramid

68
Q

What does the Hypoglossal Nerve pass through?

A

Hypoglossal canal

69
Q

What does the Hypoglossal Nerve innervate?

A

All of the tongue muscles except 1

70
Q

How are cranial nerves components organized?

A

In columns

71
Q

Sensory, Motor, or Both: CN I

72
Q

Sensory, Motor, or Both: CN II

73
Q

Sensory, Motor, or Both: CN III

74
Q

Sensory, Motor, or Both: CN IV

75
Q

Sensory, Motor, or Both: CN V

76
Q

Sensory, Motor, or Both: CN V1

A

Sensory - Ophthalmic

77
Q

Sensory, Motor, or Both: CN V2

78
Q

Sensory, Motor, or Both: CN V3

79
Q

Sensory, Motor, or Both: CN VI

80
Q

Sensory, Motor, or Both: CN VII

81
Q

Sensory, Motor, or Both: CN VIII

82
Q

Sensory, Motor, or Both: CN IX

83
Q

Sensory, Motor, or Both: CN X

84
Q

Sensory, Motor, or Both: CN XI

85
Q

Sensory, Motor, or Both: CN XII

86
Q

What cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?

87
Q

What cranial nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

88
Q

What cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen?

Sp24 - Head/Neck Anatomy (15 decks)

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