E: Fresh and Saltwater Systems, section 3 and 4: impact of humans on fresh and salt water systems

Question 1

What is diversity?

Answer 1

The variety of different kinds of species living in a certain space

Question 2

Describe the upper zone of a lake

Answer 2

• From the shore down to where plants stop growing
• Contains plants such as bulrushes and water lilies
• Contains small fish, clams, insects, snails, worms, leeches, and frogs.

Question 3

Describe the Middle Zone of a lake

Answer 3

• Is the open water area that still has light penetration.

- Phytoplankton are food for fish that live here. Some of the fish that live in this zone also travel to the deeper zone

Question 4

Describe the Lowest/Deep Zone of a lake

Answer 4

• Is where no light penetrates, so no plants grow there. Food for organisms living in this zone comes from the zones above, in the form of waste.
• Deep water fish (large size species)

Question 5

What is the Estuary of the ocean?

Answer 5

one of the most diverse and richest ecosystems. This is where freshwater and saltwater mix to form brackish water.

Question 6

What would you find in an Estuary?

Answer 6

• Marshes grow here providing habitat for many different kinds of plants, insects and other animals that can tolerate the brackish water.- These ecosystems are also rich in bird life, because of all the food and shelter available

Question 7

What is the intertidal zone of an ocean?

Answer 7

The shoreline of an ocean.
Plants and animals living in this zone must be able to withstand the pounding of the waves and the rise and fall of tides. Animals with special adaptations live in this zone.

Question 8

What is the Continental Shelf of an ocean?

Answer 8

The continental shelf is a shelf of land that extends out from the edge of the continent below the surface of an ocean

Question 9

Why is the water warmer in the continental shelf?

Answer 9

Because the light penetrates this part.

Question 10

Why are estuaries rich in bird life?

Answer 10

Because of all the food and shelter available

Question 11

What is the oceanic zone?

Answer 11

The deepest zone in an ocean. It receives no light and contains little oxygen.

Question 12

What is an adaption?

Answer 12

A physical characteristic or behavior of a species that increase its survival

Question 13

What 4 adaptions do aquatic animals need to survive?

Answer 13

Temperature
Light
Pressure
Salinity
Water Movement

Question 14

How do fish adapt to water temperature?

Answer 14

Some fish have a natural anti-freeze to prevent their tissues from freezing

Question 15

How do organisms adapt to light?

Answer 15

Some organisms produce their own light to photosynthesize

Question 16

How do organisms adapt to water movement?

Answer 16

They attach to rocks on the shore.

Question 17

What is a population?

Answer 17

A group of organisms of the same species that live in a particular area

Question 18

Explain Short-term changes? And provide an example.

Answer 18

Changes that take place over a relatively short period of time and don’t last very long. They also don’t happen every year. E.g. A drought

Question 19

Explain Long-term changes. And provide an example.

Answer 19

They may be a result of natural causes or human activities. E.g. A landside.

Question 20

Explain Seasonal Changes? And provide examples.

Answer 20

Because of extreme temperature changes some species move around to accommodate their needs.

Question 21

What is a dead lake?

Answer 21

A dead lake is when acid rain pollutes the water so organisms cannot survive in it.

Question 22

What is an algal bloom?

Answer 22

When too much phosphorus causes algae to grow and cover the surface of a lake causing other organisms to not be able to grow.

Question 23

What are the major uses of water?

Answer 23

Agriculture, industry, and domestic usage

Question 24

How does agriculture use water?

Answer 24

73% of earths water is used for irrigation. Irrigation provides food for countries because it grows crops.

Question 25

How does industry use water?

Answer 25

22% of earths water is used by industry. Industry uses water as a coolant, and for washing and diluting pollutants.

Question 26

Describe domestic water usage.

Answer 26

Water for domestic usage is pumped into home.

Question 27

How do power stations affect water quality?

Answer 27

Sometimes they pump warm water into lakes that can kill animals and encourage excessive plant growth.

Question 28

How do factories affect water quality?

Answer 28

They can add dangerous chemicals to the water

Question 29

How does sewage affect water quality?

Answer 29

They contain large amounts of nitrogen which can promote a growth in micro-organisms.

Question 30

Why do water supplies have to be checked regularly?

Answer 30

To ensure the water quality is very high.