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1. Science 8 > D: Mechanical Systems, section 1 and 2: machines, work, hydraulics > Flashcards

D: Mechanical Systems, section 1 and 2: machines, work, hydraulics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an Archimedes screw?

A

A device that can pump fluids upward

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2
Q

What is a simple machine?

A

A tool or device made up of one basic machine

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3
Q

What are the six basic machines?

A 
Lever
Inclined plane
Wedge
Screw
Pulley
Wheel and axel
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4
Q

Explain a lever

A

A ridged bar or plank that can rotate around a fixed point

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5
Q

What are the advantages of a lever?

A

With a lever you can move a larger load than without using it

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6
Q

What are the disadvantages of a lever?

A

You have to move a greater distance than the load does for this to work

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7
Q

What is an inclined plane?

A

A flat surface at an angle to another flat surface

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8
Q

What are the disadvantages of an inclined plane?

A
  • You have to exert force over a longer distance compared to lifting straight up
  • generally used for small inclines
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9
Q

What we advantages to an inclined plane?

A

It makes it possible to to lift heavy objects using small force

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10
Q

What is a wedge?

A

A simple machine that looks like an inclined plane but it forced into an object

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11
Q

What are the advantages to an inclined plane?

A

It increases the force you apply to an object

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12
Q

What are the disadvantages to a wedge?

A

A wedge can only be used in one direction

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13
Q

What is a screw?

A

A cylinder with a groove cut in a spiral in the outside

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14
Q

What are the advantages of a screw?

A

It helps increase the force you use. It can penetrate materials using relatively small force it can also convert turning motion into straight

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of screws?

A

Most will move objects very slowly

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16
Q

What is a pulley?

A

A pulley consist of a wire, rope, or cable moving on a grooved wheel

17
Q

What are the advantages of a pulley?

A

They can be linked together and they help you lift larger loads

18
Q

What are the disadvantages to a pulley?

A

A pulley requires a long durable rope

19
Q

What is a wheel and axel?

A

It is a combination of two wheels of different diameters. A longer motion on the wheel creates shorter but more powerful motion at the axel

20
Q

What does The acronym ‘EFL the ELF FEL’ mean?

A

EFL-Effort Fulcrum Load
ELF-Effort Load Fulcrum
FEL-Fulcrum Effort Load

21
Q

What is a machine?

A

A tool that helps humans do work

22
Q

What is a hydraulic system?

A

It uses a liquid under pressure to move loads

23
Q

Finish the sentence: To increase the force of the output piston…

A

the input piston had to move a greater distance

24
Q

What is a complex machine?

A

A system in which all simple machines work together

25
Q

What is each part in a complex machine called?

A

A subsystem

26
Q

What are subsystems?

A

They are parts that perform specific functions such as breaking or steering

27
Q

What is a linkage?

A

A belt or chain used to transfer energy from an energy source

28
Q

What is a transmission?

A

A special type of linkage for transferring the energy from the engine to the wheels in large vehicles

29
Q

What are gears?

A

A pair of wheels that have teeth that interlink

30
Q

Which gear is the driving gear?

A

The gear that has force applied to it from the outside

31
Q

What is the driven gear?

A

The gear that the driving gear applies force to

32
Q

What is mechanical advantage?

A

It is the amount which the machine can multiply force

33
Q

What is input force?

A

The force applied to the machine

34
Q

What is output force?

A

The force the machine applies to an object

35
Q

What is speed ratio?

A

A measure of how the speed of an object is affected by a machine

36
Q

What is friction?

A

A force that opposes motion

37
Q

What is efficiency?

A

A measurement of how well a machine or device uses energy

1. Science 8 (16 decks)

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