E: Fresh and Saltwater Systems, section 1 and 2: water quality and distribution, waves, tides, climate Flashcards
What is potable water?
Water that humans can safely drink
How much water on the earth is saltwater?
97%
How much water on earth is fresh water?
3%
Of all the fresh water, how much is ice?
77%
Of the fresh water on earth how much is ground water?
22%
Of the freshwater how much is in rivers, lakes, and wetlands?
1%
Where is the most fresh water on earth?
In is in ice form
What does water quality describe?
How pure water is
What does water get tested for?
Taste and odor Turbidity (cloudiness) and color Toxic substances and pollutants Bacteria Hardness and mineral content Ph level of 7 Dissolved oxygen level Suspended solids Dissolved solids
What is salinity?
The total amount of saltS dissolved in water
What is hard water?
Hard water contains a high concentration of the minerals calcium and magnesium
What does hard water do?
They leave mineral deposits in appliances
What type of organisms can be found in freshwater?
E.coli and minerals
Why don’t people who get water from a well need to get their water tested often?
Because it comes from deep underground and is protected from most pollutants
What do they do to clean water?
They filter it and treat it with chemicals
What can give a rotten egg smell in water?
Hydrogen sulphide
What are the two processes to turn saltwater to fresh water?
Distillation and reverse osmosis
Explain the process of distillation?
Saltwater gets heated until it evaporates. And only the water evaporates. Then as it goes down a tube it condenses and leaves pure water
Explain the process of reverse osmosis
It forces saltwater through a membrane that has holes not big enough for salt to pass through. So it moves from low concentration of water to high concentration
What kind of waves do boats create?
They create waves called wash.
What can was do to smaller boats?
They can sink small ones, damage moored ones and contribute to shore erosion
What are waves?
Changes in patterns that move along the waters surface. They make water move in a circular motion
What causes waves?
Wind
What causes the tops of waves to rise?
When waves near the shore the bottoms drag on the bottoming the ocean floor
What affect do waves have on a shoreline?
The forces of waves crashing against a shoreline can change the shape. But small waves move more gently and deposit sediments
What is tide?
The gradual change in water height