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AU'18 Oral Path II > E-cigs and Vaping > Flashcards

E-cigs and Vaping Flashcards

1
Q

vaporization

A

heating material to a temperature that releases an aerosolized mixture of water vapor and active ingredients

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2
Q

vaporization leads to INHALATION of what?

A
  1. liquid
  2. oil
  3. plant material
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3
Q

what is electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS)?

A

a NONCOMBUSTIBLE tobacco product

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4
Q

what does a battery operated nicotine inhaler include?

A
  1. recharable lithium battery
  2. cartridge
  3. LED lights up when puffing on e-cig to simulate the burn of a tobacco cig
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5
Q

what is a cartridge in an e-cig called?

A

cartomizer

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6
Q

what are some nicknames for an e-cigarette?

A
  1. e-cig
  2. e-hookahs
  3. Hookah pens
  4. vapes
  5. vape pens
  6. mods
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7
Q

what are the components of an e-cig?

A
  1. cartridge or reservoir
  2. heating element
  3. power source
  4. mouthpiece to inhale
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8
Q

what is the heating element of an e-cig called?

A

atomizer

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9
Q

what does the cartridge or reservoir of e-cig hold?

A

liquid solution containing varying amounts of nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals

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10
Q

wide range of cost of e-cigs depends on what?

A
  1. frequency of use

2. quality of parts

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11
Q

what is the controversy about e-cigs?

A
  1. normalize cig smoking
  2. make nicotine addiction publically acceptable
  3. product quality control
  4. leads to smoking, or other drugs
  5. no combustion
  6. nicotine delivery replacement device
  7. therapeutic device to aid smoking cessation
  8. less toxic chemicals
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12
Q

T/F: use of e-cigs are increasing in US teenagers

A

true

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13
Q

what percent of teens report ever using e-cigs?

A

~1/4th of teens

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14
Q

T/F: although the number of US teens using e-cigs are increasing, less teenagers are smoking cigs

A

true

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15
Q

how is e-cigs deems as glorifying smoking?

A

because they’re sometimes used for smoke tricks

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16
Q

e-cigs were originally used for what?

A

tobacco harm reduction

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17
Q

in 2013 compared to 2011, teenagers who had never smoked are how many times more likely to have used e-cigs?

A

3x

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18
Q

1 in how many teens have used marijuana in e-cigs?

A

1 in 5

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19
Q

what is “dripping”?

A

produce and inhale vapors by placing e-liquid drops directly onto heated atomizer coils

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20
Q

what are the reasons for dripping?

A
  1. create thicker vapor
  2. improve flavors
  3. produce stronger throat hit
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21
Q

throat hit

A

a pleasurable feeling that the vapor creates when it causes the throat to contract

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22
Q

T/F: prophylene glycol is considered “generally safe” by the FDA for eating and use in soaps but isn’t sure about safety of inhalation

A

true

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23
Q

is prophylene glycol shown to cause damage at low dose?

A

no, NOT shown to cause damage

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24
Q

prophylene glycol is shown to generate what from heating?

A

formaldehyde

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25
Q

what is prophylene glycol considered as?

A

“non-toxic” antifreeze

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26
Q

what does airborne exposure to butter flavoring cause?

A

popcorn lung

27
Q

what does cinnamon flavoring cause?

A

suppression of immune fxn

28
Q

how many flavoring agents are there?

A

over 7,000

29
Q

glycerin is generally considered to have what type of risk?

A

low-risk

30
Q

glycerin is shown to generate what on heating?

A

formaldehyde

31
Q

what are the effects on nicotine exposure?

A

absorbed into blood stream

32
Q

what happens when nicotine is absorbed into blood stream?

A

stimulation of adrenal gland to produce epinephrine

33
Q

what happens when the adrenal gland produces epinephrine after nicotine is absorbed into the blood stream?

A
  1. CNS stimulated –> increases BP, HR, and respirations

2. stimulates release of dopamine (pleasure reward)

34
Q

what happens when you have acute exposure to nicotine?

A
  1. mouth, throat irritation, dry cough
  2. adverse physiologic effects on lung fxn
  3. no change in CBC, lung or cardiac fxn
35
Q

what happens to your lung when you have chronic exposure to nicotine?

A

increased risk of developing COPD, emphysema

36
Q

what happens to your heart when you have chronic exposure to nicotine?

A

fibrosis

37
Q

mood disorders are associated with what in bipolar adolescents?

A

an increased risk of developing ETOH and marijuana use

38
Q

T/F: abstinence from nicotine is associated with worsening of bipolar symptoms in adolescents?

A

false, no evidence

39
Q

what is the correlation between nicotine exposure and impulse control?

A
  1. associated with increased compulsive behaviors

2. associated with increased ETOH use

40
Q

T/F: nicotine exposure can lead to addiction

A

true

41
Q

T/F: there needs to be more research in order to determine the oral effects of e-cigs

A

TRUE

42
Q

inhaled cytokines from flavoring agents can lead to what?

A
  1. increase inflammation

2. DNA damage/regenerative potential gingiva

43
Q

inhaled nicotine can trigger what?

A
  1. trigger inflammatory response in perio tissues –> may promote perio disease
  2. impair wound healing vs. reduce inflammation and improve angiogenesis
44
Q

e-cig explosion can lead to what?

A
  1. flame burns
  2. chemical burns
  3. blast injuries
  4. tooth loss
  5. bone fracture
  6. traumatic tattooing
  7. loss of soft tissue
  8. lacerations
45
Q

vapor is shown to contain what?

A
  1. toxic chemicals

2. metal nanoparticles from device

46
Q

what are the risks of using e-cigs?

A
  1. nicotine addiction
  2. nicotine poisoning
  3. unknown long-term health effects
47
Q

what are the benefits of using e-cigs?

A
  1. offers alternative
  2. less costly
  3. harm reduction strategy - no “magic bullet”
  4. no combustion so no tar, fewer toxic chemicals
  5. level of toxicity significantly lower than tobacco cigs
  6. mimics habit so addresses physical and behavioral addiction
48
Q

harm reduction strategy

A
  1. promising b/c some smokers able to quit

2. trend is smoker switches to e-cig but many return to smoking

49
Q

2011 federal court case

A

gave FDA authority to regulate e-smokes under existing tobacco laws rather than as a medication or medical device

50
Q

2013 federal regulation

A

US senators send letter to FDA urging regulatory authority over e-cigs and other tobacco

51
Q

2014 federal regulation

A

launched “The Real Cost” smoking prevention campaign aimed at teens

52
Q

“The Real Cost” smoking prevention campaign is expanded to include what?

A

e-cigs and smokeless tobacco

53
Q

2016 FDA ruling extends regulation to include what?

A

ALL tobacco products in order to improve public health…

  1. cigs
  2. cigars
  3. hookah
  4. e-cigs
  5. pipe tobacco
  6. roll-your-own tobacco
  7. smokeless tobacco
  8. dissolvable tobacco
  9. future tobacco products
54
Q

FDA regulations are now requiring manufacturers to do what?

A
  1. register with FDA, list ingredients
  2. approval for new products prior to marketing, health warning labels
  3. no distribution of free samples
  4. warning nicotine is addictive
  5. no claim product is “safer”
  6. no use of “light” or “mild”
  7. no vending machine sales (unless youth not admitted to facility)
55
Q

FDA wants to strike “an appropriate balance between” what?

A

regulation and encouraging development of innovative tobacco products that may be less dangerous than cigs

56
Q

FDA will hold a public hearing on December 5, 2018 to discuss efforts to eliminate what?

A

youth e0cigs use, with a focus on the potential role of drug therapies to support cessation and the issues impacting the development of such therapies

57
Q

by august 8, 2022, e-cigs companies must what?

A
  1. apply for permission to keep their products on the market

2. demonstrate the approval of their products “would be appropriate for the protection of the public health”

58
Q

T/F: e-cigs are FDA-approved as a quit aid

A

false, NOT

59
Q

what are some FDA approved quit aids?

A
  1. nicotine patch
  2. nicotine gum
  3. nicotine lozenges
  4. nicotine nasal spray
  5. nicotine inhaler
  6. non-nicotine pill
60
Q

CDC states that e-cigs have potential to benefit who?

A

adult smokers (not pregnant) if used as a complete substitute for regular cigs and other smoked tobacco products

61
Q

CDC states the e-cigs are not safe for who?

A
  1. youth
  2. young adults
  3. pregnant women
  4. adults who do not currently use tobacco products
62
Q

more research is needed for what?

A
  1. risk involved with inhaling anything except clean air
  2. risk of nicotine addiction
  3. effects of vapors 2nd and 3rd-hand
  4. effectiveness of tobacco harm-reduction
  5. efects of vaping and ETOH and other substances
  6. need safer batteries for e-cigs
  7. risk of nicotine addiction
63
Q

T/F: so far e-cigs seem to be less harmful than cig smoking, but not necessarily safe

A

true

AU'18 Oral Path II (31 decks)

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