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AU'18 Oral Path II > Benign Mesenchymal Tumors - part III start of midterm 3 > Flashcards

Benign Mesenchymal Tumors - part III start of midterm 3 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (Sturge-Weber anomaly) is an inherited condition

A

false, congenital abnormality

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2
Q

encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (Sturge-Weber anomaly)

A

dermal capillary vascular malformation affecting superficial and deeper tissues in region of CN V

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3
Q

neurological deficits caused by encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (Sturge-Weber anomaly)

A
  1. seizures
  2. intellectual disability
  3. hemiplegia
  4. migraines
  5. stroke-like episodes
  6. growth hormone deficiency
  7. central hypothyroidism
  8. ocular involvement
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4
Q

which division of CN V does port wine stain distribute to?

A

1st and sometimes 2nd or 3rd division

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5
Q

what does encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (Sturge-Weber anomaly) involve?

A

deeper soft tissue and meninges of brain

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6
Q

which nerve is the primary sensory nerve of the head?

A

trigeminal n.

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7
Q

if port wine stain involves entire distribution of V1, what is the percent risk for neurologic and ocular involvement?

A

78%

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8
Q

radiographic feature of encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (Sturge-Weber anomaly)?

A

“tramline” calcifications seen on skull film

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9
Q

what does the parallel calcifications on the radiographs for encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (Sturge-Weber anomaly) represent?

A

represent calcified walls of abnormal blood vessels

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10
Q

treatment for encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (Sturge-Weber anomaly) depends on what?

A

severity

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11
Q

treatment for port wine stain

A

pulsed dye laser

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12
Q

treatment for Sturge-Weber syndrome may involve what?

A

neurosurgery

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13
Q

lymphangioma

A

developmental harmartoma of lymphatic vessel differentiation, rather than true neoplasm

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14
Q

lymphangioma has a predilection for what location?

A

head and neck

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15
Q

what does lymphangioma look similar to clinically?

A

vesicular surface similar to “frogs eggs” pr tapioca pudding

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16
Q

what color is lymphangioma?

A

red-purple if trauma/hemorrhage

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17
Q

what i the most common intraoral site for lymphangioma?

A

tongue

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18
Q

cystic hygroma

A

a very large lymphangioma

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19
Q

locations for cystic hygroma

A
  1. neck
  2. mediastinum
  3. axilla
  4. oral cavity
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20
Q

T/F: cystic hygroma can cause airway obstruction especially if secondarily infected

A

true

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21
Q

histopathologic features of lymphangioma

A
  1. lymphatic vessels showing mild dilation to large cystic spces containing fluid, ± red blood cells
  2. vessels infiltrate soft tissue
  3. thin endothelial lining
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22
Q

treatment for lymphangioma depends on what?

A

size of lesion

23
Q

treatment for lymphangioma

A

surgical excision

24
Q

why is it more difficult to treat hemangioma than lymphangioma?

A

because it is often difficult to discern the borders of the tumor

25
Q

prognosis for lymphangioma

A

good for most patients

26
Q

T/F: lymphangioma has low recurrence rate

A

false, high (up to 40% in some series)

27
Q

T/F: large lymphangioma tumors of the head and neck may result in airway obstruction and death

A

true

28
Q

benign muscle tumors

A
  1. leiomyoma

2. rhabdomyoma

29
Q

leiomyoma

A

tumor of smooth muscle differentiation

30
Q

most common locations of leiomyoma

A
  1. uterus
  2. GI tract
  3. skin
31
Q

T/F: leiomyoma is common in the oral cavity

A

false, rare

32
Q

T/F: most leiomyoma that occur in the oral region probably arise from vascular smooth muscle (vascular leiomyoma)

A

true

33
Q

clinical features of leiomyoma

A
  1. well-demarcated
  2. rubbery firm
  3. <1 cm diameter
  4. slow growing
  5. usually painless
34
Q

what color are leiomyoma lesions?

A

reddish-purple color due to vascular nature

35
Q

who is affected by leiomyoma?

A

any age

36
Q

what are the most common oral sites for leiomyoma?

A
  1. upper lip
  2. tongue
  3. palate
  4. buccal mucosa
37
Q

histopathologic features of leiomyoma

A
  1. well-circumscribed
  2. spindle-shaped. with cigar-shaped nuclei, eosinophilic cytoplasm
  3. no significant atypia, no mitotic activity
  4. positive for IHC markers of muscle differentiation
38
Q

angiomyoma

A

well-circumscribed tumor exhibiting prominent blood vessels surrounded by smooth muscle

39
Q

treatment for leiomyoma

A

conservative excision

40
Q

prognosis of leiomyoma

A

excellent

41
Q

T/F: there is a high chance of recurrence with leiomyoma

A

false, virtually NO chance of recurrence

42
Q

rhabdomyoma

A

tumor of striated muscle differentiation

43
Q

T/F: rhabdomyoma is common

A

false, rare

44
Q

50% rhabdomyoma are what?

A

hamartomas associated with tuberous sclerosis

45
Q

most rhabdomyomas are of what type?

A

cardiac rhabdomyomas

46
Q

extracardiac rhabdomyomas have a predilection for what location?

A

head and neck

47
Q

who is affected by rhabdomyoma in the head and neck?

A

middle-age and older males

48
Q

clinical features of rhabdomyoma in the head and neck

A
  1. non-tender
  2. well-circumscribed nodule (may be multinodular)
  3. may grow several centimeters
49
Q

histopathologic features of rhabdomyoma

A
  1. round to polygonal cells
  2. granular eosinophilic cytoplasm
  3. multiple vacuolated cells, many with “spider web” appearance
50
Q

treatment for rhabdomyoma

A

conservative surgical excision

51
Q

prognosis for rhabdomyoma

A

good

52
Q

T/F: recurrence for rhabodomyoma has been reported but is not common

A

true

53
Q

what may cause recurrence of rhabodomyoma?

A

may be due to incomplete removal

54
Q

skeletal muscle marker

A

desmin

AU'18 Oral Path II (31 decks)

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