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.systems based core clinical specialties > Dysphagia > Flashcards

Dysphagia Flashcards

1
Q

Phases of swallowing

A

Oropharyngeal (voluntary)
Pharyngeal
Cricopharyngeal
Esophageal

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2
Q

Esophageal sections

A

Cervical initiates @ upper esophageal sphincter (UES)
Thoracic
Small abdominal portion @ lower es

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3
Q

Sensory neurological control

A

Trigeminal
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

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4
Q

Motor neurological control

A

Facial, trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossol nerve

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5
Q

Oropharyngeal phase

A

Prehension of food
Formation of bolus
Aboral movement to base of tongue
Initiates coordinated series of reflexes in pharynx

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6
Q

Pharyngeal phase

A

Peristalsis of pharynx
Bolus transported into laryngopharynx
Epiglottis closed

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7
Q

Cricopharyngeal phase

A

UES relaxation
Bolus passes into cranial esophagus

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8
Q

What is the cricopharyngeal muscle tone linked to?

A

With the respiratory center and deglutition

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9
Q

Esophageal phase

A

Swallow followed by movement of bolus by esophageal peristalsis
Bolus paused in proximal esophagus
Secondary peristalsis (bolus moves to stomach)

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10
Q

Dysphagia clinical signs

A

Anorexia
Hypersalivation (ptyalism)
Halitosis
Inability to open mouth
Regurgitation

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11
Q

Esophageal dysphagia diagnostics

A

Cervical neck and thoracic rads
Swallow study
Endoscopy
ACh Ab study
Thyroid profile
Baseline cortisol/ ACTH stimulation test

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12
Q

Ptyalism causes

A

Stomatitis
Oral ulcers
Oral neoplasia
Oropharyngeal foreign body
Tonsilitis
Pharyngitis

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13
Q

Pseudoptyalism

A

Foreign body
Neoplasia
Oropharyngeal dysphagia
Facial nerve paralysis

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14
Q

Halitosis (bad mouth odor) differentials

A

Stomatitis
Oral ulcers and burns
Foreign body, abscess, neoplasia

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15
Q

Complications of dysphagia

A

Coughing
Nasal discharge
Aspiration
Pneumonia

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16
Q

Gag reflex

A

Evaluates cranial nerves X, V, XII → medulla
Short rapid elevation of soft palate and constriction of pharyngeal constrictor muscles

17
Q

Oropharyngeal dysphagia

A

Difficulty prehending food and creating food bolus
Formed food bolus falls from mouth

18
Q

Cricopharyngeal dysphagia

A

Able to prehend food
Multiple attempts to swallow without success
Formed food bolus regurgitated

19
Q

Esophageal dysphagia

A

Able to prehend food
Better success at swallowing food
Undigested and digested food regurgitated

20
Q

Supportive treatment

A

Change consistency of food and water
Gravity helps (elevate food, bailey chair)
Assisted feeding gastrostomy tube

.systems based core clinical specialties (27 decks)

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