Bleeding (Etzioni)

Question 1

What are the common causes for bleeding?

Answer 1

Blood loss
Parasites
Trauma
Tumors
Clotting factors deficiency/ dysfunction
Toxicity: warfarin, vit. K atagonist rat poisoning
Snake bit envenomation (bleeding and hypercoag- proteins C, S and Z)

Question 2

Components of a blood smear

Answer 2

Origin (dot)
Body (thick area)
Monolayer (best area of cell morphology)
Feathered edge

Question 3

F12 deficiency

Answer 3

Normal ACT
Prolonged APTT

Question 4

Activated partial thromboplastin time

Answer 4

Intrinsic, 25-39 sec
Evaluates 12, 11, 9, 8, 10, 5 and 2

Question 5

Prothrombin time

Answer 5

Extrinsic, 12 sec
Evaluated 7, 5, 2, 10 and 1 (fibrinogen)

Question 6

Coagulation disorders

Answer 6

vWF (dobermans)
Hemophilia A, B and C
Factor 7

Question 7

Other disorder affecting coagulation/ bleeding

Answer 7

CV dz
Renal amyloidosis
Glomerulonephritis
Liver failure
Toxins: sago palm, xylitol

Question 8

Blood smear evaluation

Answer 8

Distribution of RBC, WBC and plates
Density
WBC estimates
Platelet estimates

Question 9

Estimated WBC count

Answer 9

Count #of WBCs in 10 of the 40x dry fields
Divide by 10 to get the average # of WBCs per field
Multiply the ave. # of WBC/ field x 1600

Question 10

Estimated Plate count

Answer 10

Count #of plates in 10 of the 100x oil fields
Divide by 10 to get the average # of plates per field
Multiply the ave. # of plates/ field x 12000

Question 11

Where are blood parasites found?

Answer 11

Free in the plasma
Epierythrocytic (surface of RBC)
Intraerythrocytic
Intraleukocytic
Intrathrombocytic