Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

.systems based core clinical specialties > Diarrhea > Flashcards

Diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

Problem based approach with diarrhea

A

Define the problem, location, system, then lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alteration in normal pattern of defecation

A

Soft, unformed stools
↑ fecal water content
↑ frequency of defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Defining the location

A

Small bowel, large bowel or mixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Small bowel diarrhea characteristics

A

Large amount
Melena or partial digestion of blood
WL with chronic
Borborygmus and flatulence
If unwell dehydrated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Large bowel diarrhea

A

Small amounts frequently with inflamed bladder
Mucus (hallmark) and fresh blood
Tenesmus (straining)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Secondary GI disorders causing diarrhea

A

Hepatic disease, pancreatic insufficiency, pancreatitis, hyperthyroidism, hypoadrenocorticism, renal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Large bowel or mixed bowel diarrhea as major presenting signs indicates _____________

A

Primary GI lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Secondary GI disease most frequently has characteristics of _____________

A

small bowel disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Parasites and protozoa causing acute small bowel diarrhea

A

Parasites- ascarids, hookworms
Protozoa - giardia, coccidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diet related causing acute small bowel diarrhea

A

Overeating (pups)
Dietary change
Spoiled food
Garbage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bacterial disease causing acute small bowel diarrhea

A

Campylobacter (young only, mixed bowel, zoonotic)
Salmonella (raw food, zoonotic)
Clostridium difficile
E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Infection causing acute small bowel diarrhea

A

Viral enteritis- parvo, corona and rota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acute Hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS)/ Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis (HGE)

A

Acute onset of bloody diarrhea (small bowel)
Significant hemoconcentration (↑ PCV) with normal or low plasma protein
Typically in small breeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Acute Hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS) caused by?

A

Novel necrotising toxin produced by Type A Clostridia perfringens (antimicrobial therapy doesn’t work)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Parasites causing chronic small bowel diarrhea

A

Toxocara- roundworms
Ancylostoma (hookworms)
Visceral larval migrans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diet related causing chronic small bowel diarrhea

A

Lactose intolerance (common)
Gluten intolerance (uncommon)
Dietary hypersensitivity/ intolerance (common)

17
Q

Bacteria and protozoa causing chronic small bowel diarrhea

A

Campylobacter
Clostridium
Giardia
Cryptosporidium (immunocompromised)
Coccidia (young)

18
Q

Dietary hypersensitivity

A

Chronic intermittent diarrhea, vomiting and pruritus
Allergens

19
Q

Pruritus species variation

A

Cats: ears, face
Dog: axillary region, feet

20
Q

Allergens species differences

A

Dog: beef, lamb, chicken, wheat (gluten)
Cat: fish, milk, diary

21
Q

Types of Chronic Enteropathy (IBD)

A

Diet response CE (most common)
Antibiotic response CE
Immunosuppressive responsive CE (real IBD)
Non-responsive CE

22
Q

Antibiotic responsive CE

A

Abnormal/unbalanced bacterial population
Abnormal gut reaction to normal bacterial population

23
Q

Chronic Enteropathy dietary trial

A

Novel protein or hydrolyzed (@ least 2 or 3 diets)
Total compliance
2-10 weeks a response
Harder in cats, keep them indoors

24
Q

Chronic Enteropathy treatment trials

A

If no response to dietary trial use metronidazole or tylosin
↑ fiber

25
Q

Neoplasia causing small bowel diarrhea

A

Diffuse lymphosarcoma
Adenocarcinoma
Mastocytoma

26
Q

Other diseases causing chronic small bowel diarrhea

A

Lymphangiectasia (primary or secondary)
Brush order enzyme biochemical defects

27
Q

Protein losing enteropathy (PLE)

A

When diffuse small intestinal disease results in excessive loss of serum proteins into the gut causing hypoproteinemia

28
Q

Causes of protein losing enteropathy

A

Immunosuppressive- responsive or non-responsive chronic enteropathy (IBD)
Lymphangiectasia
Lymphoma

29
Q

Most common clinical signs for protein losing enteropathy

A

GI signs (V/D)
WL
Ascites, pleural effusion, peripheral edema

30
Q

Parasites causing large bowel diarrhea

A

Trichuris vulpis (dogs)
Ancylostoma caninum (cutaneous larval migrans)

31
Q

Protozoa causing large bowel diarrhea

A

Giardia
Entamoeba spp.
Tritrichomonas foetus (cats)

32
Q

Bacteria causing large bowel diarrhea

A

Campylobacter
Clostridium
Salmonella spp.
Granulomatous colitis (boxers, frenchies)

33
Q

Diet related large bowel diarrhea

A

Toxicity (garbage)
Fiber-repsonsive
Dietary hypersensitivity/intolerance

34
Q

Causes of mixed bowel diarrhea

A

Giardia
Campylobacter
Tritrichomonas foetus (cats)
Dietary indiscretion/ intolerance/ hypersensitivity
AHDS
Inflammatory

35
Q

Diagnostic tools for diarrhea

A

Fecal tests (culture, float, panels, etc.)
Serum trypsin like immunoreactivity (TLI)
Cobalamin and folate
Ultrasound
Biopsy (endoscopy, laparotomy)

.systems based core clinical specialties (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions